To establish a rapid quality evaluation method of bear bile powder,infrared spectroscopy was introduced to distinguish bear bile powder from its counterfeits and adulterants.In addition,the adulterated proportion was predicted by infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics.Infrared spectra of 94 batches of bear bile powder,70 batches of its counterfeits (pig bile powder,cow bile powder,goat bile powder,rabbit bile powder,chicken bile powder,duck bile powder and goose bile powder) and 180 batches of its adulterants (bear bile powder adulterated with pig bile powder,bear bile powder adulterated with cow bile powder) were collected.Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to establish the qualitative correction models of bear bile powder,its counterfeits and adulterants.Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to establish the quantitative correction models of adulterated proportions of different kinds of adulterants.The accuracy of the qualitative correction model for bear bile powder,its counterfeits and adulterants was 99.64% (calibration set) and 95.65% (verification set),respectively.According to further discriminant analysis,the category of the counterfeit and adulterated bear bile powder could be identified with an accuracy greater than 95%.In the two quantitative correction models,the correlation coefficients of the validation set (R²_V) and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.987 4,2.630 0% (bear bile powder adulterated with pig bile powder) and 0.982 6,3.188 7% (bear bile powder adulterated with cow bile powder),respectively.The three qualitative models and two quantitative models all showed excellent predictive ability.The method of infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics established in this study can realize the rapid identification of bear bile powder,its counterfeits and adulterants as well as the determination of adulterated proportion.It also provides a meaningful reference for quality control and evaluation of bear bile powder.