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Mechanism of olibanum in the treatment of acute kidney injury based on network pharmacology and in vitro cell experiment verification BAI Juan, ZHANG Yan, HONG Shu-xia, SHI Jin-ping, XU Li-ting, WANG Fang NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1613-1623.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.015 Abstract （312）      PDF（pc） （2101KB）（113）       Knowledge map    Save To study the mechanism of olibanum on acute kidney injury (AKI) based on network pharmacology,and establish an in vitro model of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) according to the results.To search 223 drug targets through the TCMSP database and the Swiss Target Prediction database,then using the OMIM,DisGeNet,DrugBank and GeneCards database to collect 1 245 disease targets,72 drug-disease targets were obtained through the Venn diagram tool.Protein interaction PPI network was constructed by String database;GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed using DAVID database;Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct the network diagram;Molecular docking was performed by Autodock.Involving Toll-like receptor、TNF、NF-kappa B and other signaling pathways.Based on this,the proliferation of HK-2 was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method,and the grouping was determined.The rate of cell apoptosis was detected by Hoechst33258 fluorescent staining,and the quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression of MAPK3 and PPARG mRNA.The experimental results showed that in CCK-8 experiment,compared with the model group,the cell viability in low,medium and high dose groups decreased gradually (P <0.05);Hoechst33258 experiment,ELISA experiment and Q-PCR experiment,compared with the model group,the cell apoptosis rate,the capacity of cellular inflammatory factors and the molecular weight and mRNA expression of MAPK3 and PPARG protein decreased significantly (P <0.05).In conclusion,olibanum has the characteristics of multi-target and multi-pathway,which provides a basis for the clinical application of this drug. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of active ingredients from Scutellaria Radix on alcoholic liver disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking and effect verification YE Jing-rong, LIU Rui, CHENG Cheng, ZHANG Feng-ying, YANG Xue NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1602-1612.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.014 Abstract （239）      PDF（pc） （2851KB）（63）       Knowledge map    Save Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were adopted to explore the possible mechanism of Scutellaria Radix in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.The therapeutic effect of active ingredient of Scutellaria Radix on alcoholic liver disease was verified by cell experiment in vitro.The effective components and targets of Scutellaria Radix were retrieved from TCMSP,Swiss ADME and Swiss Target Prediction databases;The disease targets related to alcoholic liver disease were retrieved from GeneCards,OMIM,DisGeNET,TTD and PharmGKB databases;Using String database to build target interaction network;Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were conducted for key targets through metascape database.The "active ingredient target pathway" interaction network of Scutellaria Radix for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease was constructed by using Cytoscape 3.8.0 software,and the active ingredient and key target of Scutellaria Radix were screened for molecular docking.Based on the results of network pharmacology and molecular docking,the prediction results were preliminarily verified by cell experiments in vitro.A total of 27 active components of Scutellaria Radix were obtained after ADME screening,and these 27 active components could play a therapeutic role in alcoholic liver disease through 257 gene targets,among which the key core targets are SRC,AKT1,PIK3R1,STAT3,PIK3CA,etc.The enrichment analysis of KEGG signal pathway showed that the main signal pathways of Scutellaria Radix in treating alcoholic liver disease included cancer pathway,PI3K Akt signal pathway,lipid and atherosclerosis,chemical carcinogenic reactive oxygen species,prostate cancer,etc;Molecular docking results suggest that Alpinetin may be one of the key effective ingredients of Scutellaria Radix in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease;In vitro cell experiments proved that Alpinetin could significantly improve the alcoholic injury of rat liver cells BRL3A.Through the results of network pharmacology,molecular docking technology and cell experiment,it can be analyzed and inferred that Scutellaria Radix can play a role in the prevention and treatment of alcoholic liver disease through multi-component and multi target methods.As a key active ingredient,Alpinetin can provide basis and reference for further development of drugs related to the treatment of alcoholic liver injury by using Scutellaria Radix. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on compositions and pharmacological activities of essential oil from Chimonanthus Lindl. HE De-ying, XIAO Wei-yi, LI Cheng, ZOU Zheng-rong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1624-1636.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.016 Abstract （233）      PDF（pc） （1502KB）（61）       Knowledge map    Save Chimonanthus Lindl.is a unique traditional medicinal plant in China,with a wide distribution and abundant resources.The essential oil is one of the main active components of the plant,including terpenoids,aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds,which have pharmacological activities such as antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antiviral and cough suppressant.It has good therapeutic effects on diseases such as vascular dementia,acute lung injury and ulcerative colitis.This paper presents a systematic classification of the chemical structures and synthesis pathways of essential oil components of Chimonanthus Lindl.and provides a brief overview of the related biological activities in order to make references for the further development and utilization of Chimonanthus Lindl. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on HPLC fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition of triterpenoids in Poriae Cutis and White Poria ZHAN Hui-hui, DING Chan, PENG Si-yuan, LIU Yuan, MENG Jun-hua, XIAO Zuo-wei, CUI Pei-wu NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1469-1479.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.001 Abstract （278）      PDF（pc） （1323KB）（52）       Knowledge map    Save In this study,HPLC analysis combined with chemical pattern recognition was employed to establish the HPLC fingerprint related to triterpenoids in Poriae Cutis and White Poria,which can provide a reference for quality control and standard establishment of decoction pieces derived from mycomedicine Poria cocos.HPLC method was adopted and performed on an Agilent 5 TC-C18 (2) column (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile and 0.3% phosphoric acid solution,and gradient elution procedure was employed with the flow rate setting at 1.0 mL/min.The column temperature was set at 25 °C,the detection wavelength was set at 242 and 203 nm,and the injection volume was 10 μL,respectively.To establish the HPLC fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition of Poriae Cutis and White Poria,cluster analysis (CA),principal component analysis (PCA) and similarity evaluation were adopted to process the experimental data,the similarity and difference of Poriae Cutis and White Poria samples were analyzed subsequently.Finally,the key chromatographic peaks representing triterpenoids were pointed out from the established HPLC fingerprint.Among the common chemical components showed in the chromatograms,six peaks related to poricoic acid B (peak 2),dehydrotumulosic acid (peak 3),poricoic acid A (peak 4),dehydropachymic acid (peak 9),pachymic acid (peak 10),and dehydrotrametenolic acid (peak 10) were indentified,respectively.The similarity of tested decoction pieces from the same part of P. cocos sclerotium were all above 0.90.According to CA and PCA data,all the decoction pieces analyzed in this study can be divided into two groups representing different medicinal parts of P. cocos sclerotium.Seven common chromatographic peaks including peak 3 (dehydrotumulosic acid),peak 5,peak 6,peak 8,peak 9 (dehydropachymic acid),peak 10 (pachymic acid) and peak 11 were essential for the quality evaluation of Poriae Cutis and White Poria,the other eight chromatographic peaks including peak 1,peak 2 (poricoic acid B),peak 4 (poricoic acid A),peak 7,peak 12 (dehydrotrametenolic acid) and peaks 13 to 15 could be used as the characteristic identification peaks for evaluating the quality of Poriae Cutis according to the loading scatter analysis of PCA data.The characteristic difference deduced from the 15 common chromatographic peaks of White Poria samples was smaller than that of Poriae Cutis samples.The established HPLC fingerprint of Poriae Cutis and White Poria combined with chemical pattern recognition can provide a scientific reference for the quality control and evaluation of samples or products derived from P. cocos . Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Physiology influence of extract mixture of Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta and Phytolacca americana leaf on the Plutella xylostella and cruciferous crop seedlings JIANG Mi-han, LIAO Ling-jie, LIAO Yang, HUANG Zhuo-ying, WANG Li-qian, YU Ling-yi-dan, YAN Rong-ling NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1583-1590.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.012 Abstract （110）      PDF（pc） （1157KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the physiology influence of extract mixture of Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta and Phytolacca americana leaf on the Plutella xylostella and its main victim of cruciferous crop seedlings,the physiological indexes of P. xylostella and radish seedlings which is a typical cruciferous plants before and after mixture treating were determined by direct measurement,microanatomy,spectrophotometry and other methods.Results showed that,the surviving P. xylostella larvae under the treatment of mixture completed the subsequent growth and development process successfully including pupated and cocooned,though the cocoon weight and eclosion rate were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);The extract mixture did not lead to a obvious intestine changes in shape,colour and apparent structure of the P. xylostella,but reduced the enzyme activities of acetylcholinesterase,carboxylesterase,peroxidase and hydrogen peroxidease significantly which were closely related to the function of nerve conduction,detoxification and antioxidant in P. xylostella(P<0.05);The extract mixture lead to inhibition of height,fresh and dry weight of radish seedlings,and increase of SOD activity,POD activity,MDA content and leaf conductivity,as well as a dynamic change of net photosynthetic rate in leaf.Results suggest that the extract mixture has a synergistic effect on the function of nerve,detoxification,oxidation resistance in the P. xylostella larvae,its toxic effect could last whole life stage of the P. xylostella, and the extract mixture could induce growth inhibitory and physiological responses of the cruciferous crop,so the utilization concentration of mixture should be reduced as much as possible based on effective control to the P. xylostella. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Efficacy,mechanism and preliminary safety of compound essential oil for refreshing the brain by nasal inhalation LIU Xiao-jin, LIU Ri-qun, ZHENG Qin, YANG Ming, HU Peng-yi , LI Zi-qi, XIAO Shu-hua NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1591-1601.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.013 Abstract （150）      PDF（pc） （2293KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save To evaluate the efficacy,mechanism and safety of compound essential oil sniffing on refreshing and alerting mice.The effects of compound essential oil on refreshing and alerting the brains of Kunming mice were comprehensively evaluated through behavioral tests of autonomic activity and sleep induced by pentobarbital sodium.The contents of dopamine (DA) and glutamic acid (GLU) neurotransmitters in the blood and brain of mice were detected by enzyme-associated immunoassay (ELISA).The effects of compound essential oil on dopamine receptor D1R protein levels in different brain regions of mice were studied by Western blot,and the mechanism of alerting the brain was clarified.The safety of compound essential oil was investigated by acute toxicology experiment of single high-dose inhalation administration,and the chemical constituents of compound essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The results of animal experiments showed that compared with the control group,the mice in the low,medium and high dose groups of compound essential oil could significantly increase the exercise distance every day after three days of sniffing (P<0.01),average velocity (P<0.01),shorten the rest time (P<0.01),significantly increase the autonomic activity of mice;Sniffing essential oils for three consecutive days significantly shortened the total sleep duration (P<0.01),has the effect of refreshing and waking the mind.ELISA results showed that compared with the control group,compound essential oil significantly increased DA and GLU levels in the blood and brain of mice (P<0.05,P<0.05);Western blot results showed that compound essential oil significantly upregulated D1R protein levels in hippocampus,hypothalamus,prefrontal cortex and other brain tissues of mice (P<0.05).In a single high-dose sniffing experiment,compound essential oil had no significant effects on body weight,blood cell-related indexes,liver and kidney function in mice,and HE stained pathological sections showed that compound essential oil had no pathological damage to brain,nose,lung,liver,kidney and other tissues.Results of GC-MS showed the highest content of L-menthol (24.54%),followed by eugenol (16.25%),L-menthol (7.78%),bornol (7.30%),L-caryophyllene (5.29%) and 1,8-eudesin (3.40%).Compound essential oils have the effect of refreshing and waking the brain in mice,and are safe for sniffing.Its mechanism may be related to increased levels of DA and GLU in the blood and brain,and increased regulation of D1R protein levels in different brain regions. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The mechanism of Astragali Radix-Cordyceps on the treatment of IgA nephropathy based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and rat experiments  FU Yi, CHEN Bang-ming, LI Xin, FU Yi, WU Hong-ze, LIU Yong-fang NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2022, 34 (9): 1573-1581.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2022.9.015 Abstract （478）      PDF（pc） （1588KB）（49）       Knowledge map    Save To screen the targets and related signaling pathways of Astragali Radix-Cordyceps in the treatment of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) by network pharmacology,to clarify its mechanism of action,and to verify it experimentally.TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases combined with literature mining were used to obtain the active components and targets of Astragali Radix-Cordyceps;the disease targets of chronic IgAN were obtained through GeneCards and OMIM databases;Venny 2.1 was used to draw a Venn diagram of common targets;STRING was used to build a common target interaction network (PPI);Cytoscape 3.7.1 software was used to build an interaction network of Astragali Radix-Cordyceps pills-target;through R language software GO analysis of common targets and KEGG analysis of chronic IgA nephropathy targets were performed to screen out potential pathways and their mechanisms of action were analyzed.Molecular docking technology was used to verify the binding efficacy of the active components of Astragali Radix-Cordyceps and key targets.IgA nephropathy model rats (model group and Astragali Radix-Cordyceps dose group with high,medium and low doses) were taken for 21 days,respectively,and the kidney tissue was collected to detect the expression of VEGFA protein in the kidney tissue of the rats in each group by Western blot.Five bioactive components were screened out from Astragali Radix-Cordyceps,which acted on 37 common targets of IgAN.The core targets were VEGFA,HIF1A,NOS3,and CASP3,which mainly involved cysteine-type steroid binding and apoptosis,endopeptidase activity,estrogen receptor binding,cholesterol binding and other biological processes are mainly enriched in lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathway,AGE-RAGE signaling pathway,fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and other signaling pathways.The molecules showed good binding potency between the main components and key targets.Compared with model group,the expression of VEGFA in the high and low dose groups of Astragali Radix-Cordyceps decreased (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the high-dose group and the middle-dose group (P> 0.05).Astragali Radix-Cordyceps may act on key targets such as VEGFA,HIF1A,NOS3,and CASP3,and achieve therapeutic effects on IgA nephropathy through fibrosis and other signaling pathways. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Progress on the structural characteristic and biological activity of Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharides TIAN Lei, LIU Chun-yan, HAN Jun, WANG Guo-dong, NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (3): 519-530.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.3.018 Abstract （327）      PDF（pc） （1380KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save The Chinese herb Polygonati Rhizoma,which is the dried rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum Delar.ex Redoute,Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl and Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in genus Polygonatum,family Liliaceae,has a long history of medicinal use.The Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharide is one of the most important active compounds in Polygonati Rhizoma,which has various biological activities such as antioxidant,immune modulation,anti-tumor,anti-osteoporosis,hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerosis effects,etc.It has become a hot spot for the development and application research of Polygonati Rhizoma.In this article,the recent domestic and foreign literatures on the structural characteristics,biological activities and action mechanisms of Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharides were summarized,which provide some reference for the in-depth research and development of Polygonati Rhizoma. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on establishment of protein grading fingerprint of Bombyx Batryticatus and its correlated molecules of geographical origin identification SONG Mei-ying, WANG Li-yong, WANG Qiao-yu, ZHANG Lin-song, XU Wei-dong, TANG Jian, WEN Chong-wei NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1486-1494.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.003 Abstract （134）      PDF（pc） （1581KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save To establish and compare the total protein fingerprints and the fractional fingerprints of Bombyx Batryticatus from Yunnan and Sichuan,and to discover the differentially expressed protein molecules,and to identify and analyze them by mass spectrum and bioinformatics,to explore the feasibility of its application in geographical origin identification.The total acid-soluble,alkali-soluble,water-soluble and alcohol-soluble proteins of the two kinds of Bombyx mori were extracted,and they were fractional precipitated with acetone.The SDS-PAGE fingerprints of the obtained samples were compared and analyzed.The differential bands were analyzed by LC-MS/MS,and the bioinformatics analysis was conducted after database retrieval.The similarity of the total protein fingerprints of these two kinds of Bombyx Batryticatus was very high,so it is difficult to use for geographical origin identification of this Chinese medicinal material.The fractional fingerprints of these two kinds of Bombyx Batryticatus were relatively different,which is expected to be used for the identification of its geographical origin.According to the difference of fractional fingerprints,273 proteins including chymotrypsin inhibitor,trypsin inhibitor,fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain-containing protein and lipase domain-containing protein were identified.There were significant differences in protein composition and fractional fingerprints between Bombyx Batryticatus from Yunnan and Sichuan,which were expected to be used as molecular basis for geographical origin identification.The construction of fractional fingerprints of alcohol-soluble proteins can provide more abundant information and better resolution.The fractional fingerprint technology has the advantages of simplicity and high resolution,which provides a methodological idea for the identification of other Chinese medicinal materials. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress of polysaccharides against influenza virus ZHENG Rui-lin, CHEN Mei-yu, CHEN Dan-yang, CHEN Hai-yang, SU Jing-yao, XU Tian-tian, GUO Min, LI Ying-hua, ZHU Bing NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2022, 34 (增刊1): 167-172.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2022.S.022 Abstract （142）      PDF（pc） （697KB）（47）       Knowledge map    Save In nature,polysaccharides are widely distributed in a variety of organisms.Plant polysaccharides,animal polysaccharides and microbial polysaccharides are the main three types of polysaccharides.Since 1960,people have successively discovered that polysaccharides have a variety of pharmacological effects,including anti-oxidation,anti-tumor,anti-infection,anti-inflammatory,anti-depression,regulating immune function,and reducing blood sugar and blood lipids.Influenza virus is a representative species of orthomyxoviridae that causes influenza,and the surface antigens of influenza virus are prone to mutate,leading to a worldwide pandemic.Seasonal influenza causes huge economic losses and also poses a threat to human health.In order to effectively control the influenza pandemic,antiviral treatment and prevention have become research hotspots and urgent clinical needs.The inhibitory effect of polysaccharides on influenza viruses has received widespread attention.This article reviews the research of polysaccharides against influenza virus,in order to discuss the mechanism of action of different polysaccharides against influenza virus,and propose prospects for the future research,development and wide application of polysaccharides. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application progress of nuclear magnetic resonance in pharmaceutical detection LIU Ya-qin, YU Ming-xin, HE Ling NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2022, 34 (11): 1971-1977.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2022.11.018 Abstract （184）      PDF（pc） （979KB）（45）       Knowledge map    Save Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology has evolved into an indispensable tool for the structural identification of new compounds and the analysis of natural products.Because of its non-destructive and non-invasive characteristics,it is widely used in the field of pharmaceuticals,from the characterization of synthetic products to the determination of molecular structure and conformation of biological systems and the analysis of molecular interactions.NMR can provide rich and accurate structural information,such as Larmor frequency,chemical shift,spin-spin coupling,dipole coupling,relaxation time and other parameters,which is becoming the "gold standard" for structural analysis.The paper summarizes the application and research progress of NMR in drug discovery,drug interaction,drug metabolomics and solid-state NMR (ss NMR) in solid-state drug analysis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Metabolomics-based analysis on the differences in antioxidant components from callus of Lycium barbarum L. ZENG Xiao-qian, ZHOU Xiao-ru, LIU Chun-huan, LIU Xue, YANG Cheng NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1495-1504.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.004 Abstract （196）      PDF（pc） （1862KB）（45）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of different plant growth regulator combinations on the enrichment of antioxidant components in Lycium barbarum L. callus were investigated by non-targeted metabolomics technique.The sterile stem segments of L. barbarum was used as explant,and 0.25 mg/L naphthylacetic acid+ 0.125 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (NB) or 0.25 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid+ 0.125 mg/L kinetin (DK) were used as plant growth regulators for callus culture.The antioxidant activity of different callus was detected by DPPH free radical scavenging method.The antioxidant activity of NB was 1.9 times that of DK at the same concentration.Based on the metabolomics technology of UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS,a total of 752 metabolites were identified in two groups of samples,of which 55 had significant differences in relative content,mainly amino acids and carbohydrates;KEGG analysis revealed that the differential metabolic pathway was mainly the ABC transporter pathway.The functional difference of ABC transporters may be the main reason for the significant difference in antioxidant activity of L. barbarum callus. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents from the dichloromethane fraction of Ruta graveolens L. JIANG Cheng, FANG Sai, LI Yuan-wen, WU Wei-dong, CHEN Rui-yun, GU Qiong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1518-1527.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.006 Abstract （125）      PDF（pc） （931KB）（45）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate chemical constituents from the aerial part of Ruta graveolens L. and their anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activity.The compounds from the dichloromethane fraction of Ruta graveolens L. were separated by column chromatography such as silica gel,MCI gel CHP-20,ODS,and Sephadex LH-20 and purified by preparative HPLC method,which led to the isolation of 30 compounds,including arborinine (1),2-hydroxy-3-isopropoxy-1,4-dimethoxy-10-methylacridanone (2) rutacridone (3),1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-methylacridone (4),20-Hydroxyrutacridon-epoxide (5),rutalinium (6),(-)-ribalinidine (7),ribalinium(8),(+)-ribaline (9),γ-fagarine (10),kokusaginine (11),haplopine (12),skimmianine (13),(-)-chalepin (14),chalepensin (15),(+)-rutaretin (16),xanthotoxin (17),psoralen (18),bergapten (19),7-preniloxicumarin (20),isoscopoletin (21),6-hydroxycoumarin (22),scopolin (23),graveoline (24),graveolinine (25),3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamyl alcohol (26),moskachan D (27),piperonyl acetone (28),rutin (29),1,3-disinapoyl-gentiobiose (30).The structures of all the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (MS,1H NMR,13C NMR) and comparison with reported literatures.Compounds 2,7,9,12,20,22,23,26,27,28,30 were obtained from this plant for the first time.The isolated compounds 1-30 were evaluated for their anti-EBV activity.The results showed that six compounds inhibited more than 50% cleavage and replication of EB virus with concentrations of 30 μmol/L.Compounds 5 and 24 showed better anti-EBV activity with IC50 of 2.4 μmol/L and 4.8 μmol/L,respectively,which was higher than (+)-rutamarin in positive control group (IC50 = 7.0 μmol/L). Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis of ethyl acetate extract from Hibisci Mutabilis Folium HUANG Li-lu, XIA Hou-lin, FENG Li-ping, YE Lei, YAN Xin, XIONG Jing, FENG Wu-wen, HU Pan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1528-1539.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.007 Abstract （146）      PDF（pc） （1551KB）（45）       Knowledge map    Save The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethyl acetate extract of Hibisci Mutabilis Folium were studied,and the chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate extract were analyzed and identified.The CCK-8 method was used to determine the effect of different polar extracts of Hibisci Mutabilis Folium on the survival rate of cells.The concentration of different polar extracts of Hibisci Mutabilis Folium was 25-200 μg/mL,which was non-toxic to HaCaT cells,and non-toxic to RAW 264.7 cells.The ethyl acetate extract of Hibisci Mutabilis Folium was able to significantly reduce intracellular ROS content (P<0.001) when H2O2 was used to induce the oxidative stress response of HaCaT cells.LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells were used to establish an inflammation model,and the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6,iNOS and COX-2 was inhibited by real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR.It was found that the ethyl acetate extract of Hibisci Mutabilis Folium had marvelous in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects at the cellular level.The chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract were rapidly analyzed and identified by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS,28 chemical constituents were identified,including ten flavonoids,nine organic acids,two coumarins,two phenols,two nucleosides and three others.Flavonoids and organic acids were the main chemical constituents that formed the basis of their active ingredients.It provides a certain theoretical basis for further research into the pharmacodynamic material basis and the utilization of Hibisci Mutabilis Folium. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Diversity and biological activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Amomum villosum Lour. in different regions of Yunnan Province  YU Jing, LI Yi-hang, YIN Cui-yun, DENG Zhao-you, TANG De-ying, ZHANG Li-xia NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1540-1553.   Abstract （129）      PDF（pc） （1494KB）（45）       Knowledge map    Save The distribution and population differences of endophytic fungi in Amomum villosum Lour. from Xishuangbanna and Maguan in Yunnan were studied,as well as their antioxidant and antibacterial potentials,in order to provide resources for the acquisition of new naturally active metabolites.Here,we isolated and purified endophytic fungi using plant tissue surface sterilization and identified them through ITS sequence analysis.Meanwhile,the activities of fermented endophytes culture extracts against five strains of bacteria were determined using filtering paper method,and antioxidant activity was evaluated by assessing the total reducing power,including scavenging activites based on DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical.As a result,a total of 77 strains of endophytic fungi were identified from A. villosum distributed in Xishuangbanna and Maguan,including 39 stains isolated from Xishuangbanna A. villosum,and 38 stains isolated from Maguan  A. villosum.The dominant genera in Xishuangbanna A. villosum were Penicillium,Colletotrichum,Xylaria,Daldinia, and Diaporthe,while the dominant genera in Maguan A. villosum were Penicillium, Phanerochaete,Pyrenochaetopsis,Neopestalotiopsis, and Cladosporium.Additionally,the Shannon diversity index,Simpson diversity index,and evenness of endophytic fungi in MaguanA. villosum were higher than those in Xishuangbanna A. villosum,and the Jaccard similarity coefficient between them was 0.222 2.Strains BSR 18,BSR 32,BSR 34,and MSR 15 showed higher antibacterial activity,while strains BSR 10 and BSR 18 had strong antioxidant activity.Our research preliminary discussed the diversity of endophytic fungi form Xaishuangbanna and Maguan,and furthermore screened the activty of endophytic fungi from A. villosum.There were significant differences and affluent diversity among endophytic fungi from A. villosum distributed in Xishuangbanna and Maguan.Therefore,strains with good antibacterial and antioxidant activities could be used as sources of natural active compounds for further study. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents of Senecio scandens and their anti-tobacco mosaic virus activity FU Tao, LI Ya-li, ZHANG Wei, WU Jiang-mei, LIU Yang, LUO Xin-xiang, YAN Xiao-hui, HU Shi-jun NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1554-1561.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.009 Abstract （247）      PDF（pc） （778KB）（44）       Knowledge map    Save In order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new plant virus inhibitors,the chemical components of Senecio scandens and its activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were determined.The chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate extract from the aboveground part of S. scandens were separated by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,MCI and other column chromatography methods,and its structures were identified by NMR and MS data.The inhibitory activity of the compound against TMV was screened by the half-leaf spot method in vivo.Thirteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of S. scandens. According to their physicochemical properties and spectral data,they were identified as 9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3-one (1),7β-methoxystigmast-5-en-3β-ol (2),dotriacontane (3),ursolic acid (4),stigmasterol (5),(22E)-ergosta-6,22-diene-3β,5β,8α-triol (6),kaempferol (7),indole-3-carboxaldehyde (8),nepetin (9),quetrcetin (10),taxifolin (11),jacaranone (12),phytol (13).Except compound 7 and compound 10,the other compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.The results showed that compound 8 and compound 13 had strong anti-TMV activity. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the quantity value transfer of Microctis Folium decoction pieces and standard decoction based on UPLC fingerprint and multi-component quantification LI Zhen-yu, HE Min-you, LIU Xiao-xia, QU Li-yuan, ZHOU Xiang-yuan, HUANG Cai-ying, CHEN Xiang-dong, SUN Dong-mei NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1505-1517.   Abstract （122）      PDF（pc） （2522KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save To provide reference for quality control of Microctis Folium formula granules and related preparations,the quantity value transfer rule from Microctis Folium decoction pieces to Microctis Folium standard decoction was studied.The standard decoction was prepared from 15 batches of Microctis Folium decoction pieces.The paste rate and extracts of 15 batches of Microctis Folium standard decoction were measured and the fingerprints of Microctis Folium decoction pieces and standard decoction were established by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC).The common peaks were identified using Thermo Fisher QE high-resolution mass spectrometry and confirmed using reference materials.Using the relative peak area as a variable,orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was performed on the fingerprints of Microctis Folium decoction pieces and standard decoction to find difference variables and three flavonoids in Microctis Folium standard decoction were determined.The results showed that the paste rate of 15 batches of Microctis Folium standard decoction ranged from 9.32% to 14.22% and the extracts ranged from 37.61% to 62.52%.The fingerprints of 15 batches of Microctis Folium decoction pieces and standard decoction were established with a similarity of more than 0.95.Twelve common peaks with consistent retention times were identified in the fingerprints of the decoction pieces and standard decoction and 10 chemical components were confirmed.OPLS-DA analysis found a total of 5 chromatographic peaks with significant changes in relative peak area,namely,peaks 1,2,3,4 and 6.All of them were phenolic acids and flavonoids.The contents of three flavonoids in 15 batches of standard decoction were within the mean ± 3 times SD range.The transfer rate of vitexin was the highest,followed by narcissin and isovitexin.This study can provide an important reference for the formulation of quality standards for Microctis Folium formula granules and related preparations. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Antidepressant effect of essential oil from Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.on lipopolysaccharide-induced depression model mice QIN Tian-tian, HU Jing-wen, ZENG Jiu-seng, LIU Rong, ZENG Nan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1480-1485.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.002 Abstract （215）      PDF（pc） （1014KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the antidepressant effect and possible mechanism of essential oil from Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.(EOST) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive behaviors and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway.In this study,the mice model with depression was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS,and drug treated mice were intragastrically administered with EOST or fluoxetine.Sucrose preference test and splash test (ST) were performed at the end of the experiment.Interleukin 18 (IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),Nissl staining was used for observation of the changes of neurons in the hippocampus CA3 area of mice.The relative protein expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome were detected by Western blot.The results showed that EOST 100,50 mg/kg significantly increased the preference of sugar water,prolong the grooming time of ST in mice,which demonstrated significant antidepressant-like behavioral effects.Additionally,it also reversed the upregulated IL-18 and TNF-α content in the serum of model mice,increased the mean IOD of Nissl bodies in the hippocampal CA3 region,down-regulated the expression levels of NLRP3,apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC),cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1),and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1).EOST could combat the depression-like behaviors in depression model mice induced by LPS,which might be related to inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and microglia,so as to alleviate neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Potential targets and molecular mechanisms of Yiqi Ziyin Huoxue Prescription in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on network pharmacology and molecular docking LI Li-yuan, GUO Xiao, WANG Xiao-ying, LI Yi-kun, ZHANG yue, YANG Gao-shan, SONG Qiu-hang, LI Ai-ying NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2022, 34 (增刊1): 130-141.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2022.S.019 Abstract （278）      PDF（pc） （3721KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save Based on database screening,core network analysis,pathway enrichment analysis,molecular docking and GEO data analysis,to predict and screen the effective compounds and mechanisms of Yiqi Ziyin Huoxue Prescription(YZHP) composed of four herbs (Astragali Radix,Dioscoreae Rhizoma,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Rehmanniae Radix) in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).The results showed that the contents of salvianolic acid J,salvianolic acid D,stigmasterol,quercetin, luteolin,kaempferol, β-sitosterol and other compounds can target AKT1,MAPK1,IL6 and STAT3 in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway to treat T2DM.And found that several salvianolic acids were potential inhibitors of AKT1 and MAPK1,especially salvianolic acids A,C and H have strong binding ability with AKT1 and MAPK1.In the future,the structure of salvianolic acids A,C and H can be modified to make them reach the standard of patent medicine,and become the targeted inhibitors of AKT1 and MAPK1 for the treatment of T2DM.In this paper,providing ideas and reference basis for clinical treatment of T2DM with YZHP,providing leading compounds for screening and developing targeted inhibitors of AKT1 and MAPK1 from natural products,providing theoretical basis for further elucidating the prevention and treatment of T2DM with YZHP,providing theoretical basis for further elucidating the prevention and treatment of T2DM with YZHP. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress and prospects on synthesis of taxol CAI Chang-chun, FENG Ji, CHENG Ling, RAO Xiong-fei, ZHANG Jian-feng NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2022, 34 (增刊2): 155-162.   Abstract （246）      PDF（pc） （1165KB）（42）       Knowledge map    Save Taxol is one of the most successfully developed anticancer drugs originated from plants in the world.Its pharmacological activities and four synthesis pathways including direct extraction from Taxus spp.,total chemical synthesis,semi-chemical synthesis and biosynthesis were reviewed in this paper.Among them,the biosynthesis pathway of taxol by using tobacco chloroplast genetic engineering (TCGE) was especially highlighted based on its low cost,high quality and being sustainably obtained,which can provide the most important development value for bio-pharmaceutical industry of taxol. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus Talaromyces sp. from Uncaria rhynchophylla ZENG Hui-ting, YE Lin, YI Wei-ting, CHEN Jia-yi, XU Shan-shan, ZHAO Li-juan, ZENG Xi, YUAN Tao NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2022, 34 (10): 1707-1712.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2022.10.008 Abstract （180）      PDF（pc） （552KB）（41）       Knowledge map    Save Eight compounds were isolated from the extract of endophytic fungus Talaromyces sp.1.88E from Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq.ex Havil.by various chromatographic techniques.The compounds were identified as (Z)-6-methoxy-6-oxo-2-propylhex-2-enoic acid (1),alteric acid (2),5′-methoxy-6-methyl-biphenyl-3,4,3′-triol (3),3-O-methylfunicone (4),alternariol 1′-hydroxy-9-methyl ether (5),alternariol (6),alternariol methyl ether (7),altenuisol (8) by HR-ESI-MS,NMR,IR and other spectroscopic analysis techniques.Among them,compound 1 was a new fatty acid and NMR data of compound 2 was reported for the first time.Compounds 1-8 showed no obvious inhibition of LPS-induced NO production by RAW 264.7 for the anti-inflammatory test.All isolated compounds were evaluated for the inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and compounds 2,6 showed weak inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 338.5,and 375.8 μmol/L,respectively. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the extraction of polyphenols from Camellia oleifera leaves and its inhibitory effect on common plant pathogenic fungi XIE Shui-xiang, LEI Cai-yan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1562-1568.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.010 Abstract （133）      PDF（pc） （1155KB）（41）       Knowledge map    Save At present,there are very few reports on the inhibitory effect of Camellia oleifera polyphenols on plant pathogenic fungi.In this paper,the best extraction method of polyphenols was determined by analyzing the extraction rate of polyphenols in C. oleifera leaves at different conditions,and the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of polyphenols on common plant pathogenic fungi were analyzed and the bacteriostatic mechanism was studied.The results showed that after a liquid to material ratio of 1∶30,ethanol concentration of 60%,and ultrasonic treatment for 60 minutes,the extraction rate of polyphenols was the highest,reaching 14.01%.The addition of 0.80 g β-cyclodextrin in 1.0 g leaves could increase the extraction rate to 22.92%.The polyphenols at concentration of 10% had a certain inhibitory effect on Curvularia lunata,Fusarium pseudograminearum,Alternaria alternata,Corynespora cassiicola,Verticillium dahliae,Botryosphaeria dothidea and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. momdicae.The inhibition rate to Verticillium dahliae was the highest,which was 78.52%.Polyphenols had great impact on the metabolic process of soluble proteins in plant pathogenic fungic,which is a self-regulation mode of plant pathogenic fungic in adapting to chemical stress.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive development of C. oleifera and the green prevention and control of plant diseases. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Physiological metabolism and gene expressin characteristics of Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright under low phosphorus stress WANG Qing-ting, GENG Xiao-tong, LI Ya-jing, ZHANG Juan, LIU Qing-pu, GONG Hai-yan, LEI Jing-wei, XIE Cai-xia NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1569-1582.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.011 Abstract （160）      PDF（pc） （3435KB）（41）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the physiological changes,steroidal saponins metabolism and gene expression of D. zingiberensis under low phosphorus stress,D. zingiberensis from Nanyang,Henan province was selected to simulate low phosphorus stress.The phosphorus content (total phosphorus,available phosphorus,aluminophosphate,phosphoric acid iron salt,calcium phosphate) and soil acid phosphatase (S-ACP) activities in rhizosphere matrix,root development characteristics (total root length,total projected area,total surface area),peroxidase，superoxide dismutase activities and steroid saponins contents in each tissue were analyzed at different periods.The key period of D. zingiberensis response to low phosphorus stress was determined,and RNA-seq sequencing was used to analyze the gene expression characteristics in roots,leaves and stems of D. zingiberensis.It was found that the content of absorbable phosphorus in rhizosphere matrix of D. zingiberensis was significantly decreased,the activities of antioxidant enzymes (POD,SOD) and soil acid phosphatase (S-ACP) were significantly increased under low phosphorus stress,and root development was inhibited;The synthesis and accumulation of steroidal saponins in D. zingiberensis were obviously affected by low phosphorus stress,and the response characteristics of different parts were different;The early stage of stress is the critical period for D. zingiberensis to respond to the low phosphorus stress;The gene expression of D. zingiberensis in the critical period of low phosphorus stress showed obvious tissue specificity.The gene expression levels and metabolic pathways in different parts of the three treatment groups were analyzed,and 239,211 and 237 differential genes were found from the root,leaf and stem of D. zingiberensis,respectively.It involves many metabolic pathways such as terpenoid skeleton,organic acid and inositol biosynthesis.et al.The above research results indicate that D. zingiberensis responded to the low phosphorus stress by regulating phenotypic traits and physiological metabolic process through changing gene expression level,which provided theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanism of D. zingiberensis response to the low phosphorus stress. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the mechanism of Momordica charantia in treating diabetes nephropathy based on network pharmacology and molecular docking CAI Xiao-kang, ZHOU Jie, YU Hui-fan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (增刊1): 123-129.   Abstract （89）      PDF（pc） （1790KB）（41）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the mechanism of Momordica charantia in the treatment of diabetes nephropathy (DN) by network pharmacology and molecular docking.The Herb database was used to obtain the active components of M. charantia,and the SwissTargetPrediction database was used to obtain corresponding targets.Get the therapeutic targets of diabetes nephropathy through GeneCards,OMIM and DisGENT databases.Venn online tool was used to obtain the common targets of the active ingredients of M. charantia and diabetes nephropathy.The interaction network diagram of M. charantia,active ingredients and targets is constructed by using the Cytoscape software,and the core target and core subnet are obtained by using the CytoHubba plug-in.The Matescape database was used for gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis.Finally,the active ingredients of M. charantia,diabetes nephropathy,and the relationship between them were comprehensively analyzed and predicted.In this study,eleven active components with action targets were screened from M. charantia,among β-glutosterol,momordic acid and lycopene can obviously improve diabetes nephropathy.Simultaneously,the possible targets for regulating diabetes nephropathy,such as AKT1,TNF,IL6,TP53,VEGFA,JUN,CASP3,were predicted to mediate AGE-RAGE signaling pathway,IL-17,TNF,PI3K-Akt,HIF-1 signaling pathways to regulate diseases,so as to combat the occurrence and progress of diabetes nephropathy.The network pharmacology was used to explore the characteristics of multi-component,multi target and multi pathway of M. charantia in the prevention and treatment of diabetes nephropathy,and explore the possible targets and signal transduction mechanisms of the active components of M. charantia in the regulation of diabetes nephropathy. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on the anti-colorectal cancer effect of traditional Chinese medicine monomer LIN Hao, DAI Wei-hong, LIU Chang-jiang, WANG Xian-wei NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1637-1649.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.017 Abstract （179）      PDF（pc） （1312KB）（39）       Knowledge map    Save Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor in the digestive tract and the incidence and lethality are increasing year by year,which seriously threatens the safety of human life.Although a variety of chemotherapy agents have been extensively utilized in clinical settings,the potential adverse effects and drug resistance give rise to poor patient compliance,which leads to the failure of chemotherapy.In view of this,it is urgent to excavate effective and low toxicity anti colorectal cancer agents to respond the reality of clinical treatment dilemma.Monomer components,as the main effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine,have prominent advantages in clinical anti colorectal cancer.Compared with synthetic chemicals,it has abundant sources and excellent safety,which possess great potential in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.From the perspective of chemical substances,we herein systematically reviewed the anti-colorectal cancer effects and main molecular mechanisms of monomer components in traditional Chinese medicine,and preliminarily discussed the related research of treating colorectal cancer in combination with the current research status,so as to provide theoretical value for the research and clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine mononer in treating colorectal cancer. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on chemical constituents and anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity of Cayratia albifolia ​PENG Yi-ling, ZHANG Zai-qi, LI Ming-jiao, YU Huang-he, YAO Wang, YI Gang-qiang, LI Bin, WANG Wei​​ NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2022, 34 (7): 1156-1163.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2022.7.008 Abstract （296）      PDF（pc） （600KB）（39）       Knowledge map    Save The constituents from aerial part of Cayratia albifolia and its anti-RA activities in vitro were studied. The ethanol extract of C. albifolia was isolated and identified by various chromatographic techniques and spectroscopy methods. Twenty compounds were isolated and elucidated as stigmastane-3,6-dione (1),sitostenone (2),β-sitosterol (3),daucosterol (4),betulinic acid (5),resveratrol (6),(E)-resveratrol 3-O-β-glucoside (7) and (Z)-resveratrol 3-O-β-glucoside (8),1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid (9),(3S,5R,6S,7E)-megastigma-7-ene-3,5,6,9-tetrol (10),ethyl β-D-glucopyranoside (11),6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenoic acid (12),2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone (13),3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (14),pyrocatechol (15),adiadienedioic acid (16),9,12-linoleic acid-2′,3′-dihyodroxy propyl ester (17),nonadecanoic acid (18),n-hexadecanoic acid (19),and rel-5-(3S,8S-dihydroxy-1R,5S-dimethyl-7-oxa-6-oxobicyclo［3,2,1］oct-8-yl)-3-methyl-2Z,4E-pentadienoic acid (20). Compounds 1-20 were isolated from the plant for the first time,all compounds except 3 and 4 were isolated from this genus for the first time. MTT assay was used to study the anti-proliferation activity of the isolates against RA-FLS cells in vitro,and ELISA assay was used to determine the effects of the isolates on LPS induced production of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 1,15,19 and 20 showed anti RA-FLS activities with the IC50 values of 23.07,26.92,23.59 and 19.22 μmol/L,respectively. Compounds 1,15,19 and 20 suppressed the production of TNF-α with IC50 values of 13.58,18.51,13.45 and 9.58 μmol/L,respectively,and compounds 15 and 20 inhibited the production of IL-1β and IL-6 with IC50 values of 13.56,17.30 and 14.42,8.71 μmol/L,respectively.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Asari Radix et Rhizoma and predictive analysis of its quality marker ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Hong, LI Ning, CHEN Juan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (10): 1794-1807.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.10.016 Abstract （168）      PDF（pc） （1374KB）（38）       Knowledge map    Save Asari Radix et Rhizoma (ARR) is the dried roots and rhizomes of Asarum heterotropoides Fr.Schmidt var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag., Asarum sieboldii Miq.var. seoulense Nakai or Asarum sieboldii Miq.in the Aristolochiaceae plants,it mainly contains volatile oils,lignans,flavonoids,polysaccharides and other chemical components.Modern pharmacological and clinical studies have shown that ARR has many pharmacological activities,such as analgesic and anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antibacterial,antitussive,antiasthmatic,antidepressant responses,tumor suppression,blood suppression.It has been used for the treatment of diseases such as anemofrigid cold,rheumatic arthralgia,multiple pain and phlegm and cough.Based on a summary of the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of ARR,combining with the research actuality,the quality marker (Q-Marker) was predicted from the aspects of kinship,characteristic composition,effectiveness,pharmacokinetics,chemical composition measuability and compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine.It was predicted that aristolochic acid Ⅳa,methyl eugenol,safrole,L-asarbon,L-sesamin,2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol,trimethoxy toluene,1,8-cineulin,β-asarbon,kakuol,caribine,kaempferol and etc.could be used as the candidate compounds for the quality markers of ARR,in order to provide a reference for the establishment of quality standard,in-depth study and comprehensive utilization of ARR. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Isolation and purification of Qi-Gui polysaccharides and their in vitro inhibitory activity on tumor cell proliferation LIU Wen-juan, MA Shan-bo, LU Wen-fei, CUI Dong-xiao, XU Ding-qiao, YUE Shi-jun, CAO Wei, TANG Yu-ping NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (10): 1651-1658.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.10.001 Abstract （252）      PDF（pc） （1607KB）（36）       Knowledge map    Save Astragali Radix-Angelica Sinensis Radix (Qi-Gui herb pair) has long been used as a classic herb pair for tonifying qi and nourishing blood.Polysaccharide is one of its major active ingredients.Two of the Qi-Gui polysaccharides named AAPS-1a and AAPS-3a,significantly inhibited the proliferation of human colon cancer cells HCT116 and human lung carcinoma cells A549,with IC50 of (47.59±1.3) μg/mL,(18.33±2.5) μg/mL for HCT116 cells,and IC50 of (52.12±1.1) μg/mL,(170.21±2.3) μg/mL for A549 cells.Furthermore,AAPS-1a and AAPS-3a induced apoptosis in HCT116 and A549 cells.The apoptotic rate of the HCT116 cells were 31.4%,46.5% respectively and the apoptotic rate of the A549 cells were 19.3% and 33.0% separately.Structural analysis showed that AAPS-1a and AAPS-3a were homogeneous polysaccharides with molecular weights of 7.3×105 and 8.5×104 Da,respectively.Our study found two homogeneous Qi-Gui polysaccharides with significant anti-tumor activity in vitro,which provide experimental basis for clarifying the anti-tumor structure of polysaccharides in Qi-Gui herb pair. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the mechanism of total flavonoids from Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.in treating COVID-19 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking BUWEIALIYE Hu-jia-a-bu-du-la, XIERAILI Ai-ke-mu , GUO Lu-yuan , WU Gui-xia NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (增刊2): 125-135.   Abstract （10）      PDF（pc） （3479KB）（36）       Knowledge map    Save Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to explore the the mechanism of the effective components of total flavonoids from Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.(CTFs) in the treatment of COVID-19 to reveal the potential compounds.To search corresponding 319 drug target compounds of 27 active compound in CTFs through the TSMCP database,then using the GeneCards,DrugBank,Genemap,and DisGeNET databases to collect the therapeutic targets of COVID-19;Using Venny 2.1 to obtain the 79 common targets of CTFs and COVID-19;Constructing PPI network by STRING database,and 32 core targets were screened.At the same time GO and KEGG pathways were enriched and performed through the Metascape and DAVID databases by using the core targets,and their mechanisms of action were predicted,including the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway,interleukin signaling pathway,PID-AP1 pathway,TNF signaling pathway.Cytoscape software was used to construct the network structure diagram of "CTFs-targets -COVID-19",and the compounds of CTFs such as quercetin,(-)-epigallocatechin gallate,luteolin,fisetin,kaempferol were showed with higher degeree values at network diagram.According to the molecular docking results,the quercetin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and TNF,IL6 and JUN the receptor ligand binding conformation is relatively stable and scored with higher degree values.This study revels the mechanism of CTFs have the characteristics of multiple targets,pathways,and systems to regulate diseases,and can provide potential therapeutic value for COVID-19 through their characteristics,providing a theoretical basis for clinical treatment and rational drug use. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The interaction between vitamin D and chronic kidney disease based on network pharmacology SUN Juan, CHEN Jie-wen, ZHANG Hai-feng, LIU Xi-peng NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (增刊2): 136-138.   Abstract （10）      PDF（pc） （454KB）（36）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the interaction between vitamin D(Vit D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD)based on network pharmacology,and to explore the core proteins that affect the common targets of vitamin D and CKD.Two targets of Vit D were obtained through the DrugBank database.A total of 1 074 targets of CKD disease were obtained through DisGeNET database.The intersection of Vit D targets and the targets of CKD was obtained by the Venny platform. A common target of Vit D and CKD was obtained,which was VDR.The common targets were imported into the String database to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network,and the core proteins of protein-protein interaction were screened.PPI network analysis showed that ten proteins were the main proteins affecting the action of VDR,which were GC,CYP27B1,EP300,NCOA3,CTNNB1,MED1, SMAD3,RXRA,BAZ1B,NCOA1.Based on the results of network pharmacology,Vit D may play a role in the prevention or treatment of CKD by acting on the VDR targets.GC,CYP27B1,EP300,NCOA3,CTNNB1,MED1,SMAD3,RXRA,BAZ1B and NCOA1 could interact with VDR,and affect the core protein of the common target of Vit D and CKD. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on secondary metabolites of plant endophytic fungus Fusarium guttiforme LI Hui-yuan, YUE Jing-yi, WANG Ju-tao, CAI Bai-xiang NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2022, 34 (7): 1143-1147.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2022.7.006 Abstract （274）      PDF（pc） （531KB）（36）       Knowledge map    Save Fucinum A (1),a novel peroxy bond-containing dimeric benzene derivative,together with six known compounds (Z)-1-hydroxy-4-(2-nitroethenyl)benzene (2),p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3),stigmasta-4,6,8(14)-trien-3-one (4),stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione (5),ergosterol (6),5-hydroxymethyl furfural (7) were firstly isolated from plant endophytic fungus Fusarium guttiforme based on the comprehensive chromatographic methods.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses,including HR-ESI-MS,1D and 2D NMR experiments.Additionally,all of them were evaluated on the NO production inhibition activity.The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory effects against NO production with IC50 values of 48.1 and 46.6 μmol/L,respectively. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Biocontrol potential of Chaetomium globosum against plant pathogenic fungi and root-knot nematodes:a review LIAO Hong-juan, ZHANG Zhi-bin, JIANG Yu-mei , ZHU Du NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2022, 34 (6): 1076-1089.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2022.6.021 Abstract （431）      PDF（pc） （1465KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save  Chaetomium globosum is a fungal species of Ascomycota,belonging to Ascomycota, Pyrenomycetes, Sordariomycetidae, Sordariales and Chaetomium.It is widely distributed in air and soil,and it is also one of the most common endophytic fungi in plants,which can produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites.These seconday metabolites have a variety of biological activities such as antifungal and nematocidal activities to be prepared into biocides,which have a good biological control potential against plant pathogenic fungi and root knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.).In this paper,the biocontrol mechanism of C. globosum against plant pathogenic fungi and root knot nematodes was reviewed and discussed,in order to provide some references for the comprehensive management of plant pathogenic fungi and root knot nematodes and for the development of new biopesticides. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Appearance characters and internal quality of cultivated Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don under different drying methods  LI Qiao, CHONG Ye-min, CHEN Ying-xin, CAI Xiao-yang, LI Min, HUANG Yong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2022, 34 (6): 916-924.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2022.6.002 Abstract （537）      PDF（pc） （1303KB）（33）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effects of different drying methods on the appearance and internal quality of cultivated Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don (CFC) by using intuitive analysis, cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Results indicated that traditional sun-dried CFC has better appearance, white surface color, enough cross section mealiness, and high content of effective ingredients, but the drying rate was slow and vulnerable to the environment impact, while the drying rate of hot air drying was faster and the time was shortened. When the temperature was 50-55 ℃, the appearance of CFC was similar to that of the sun drying method, except for the content of total starch, the extract and total alkaloids all increased. However, in the fixation treatment and the 60 ℃ treatment, the cross section mealiness was weakened, degree of keratinization was increased, which also promoted the decomposition of starch, the starch content was reduced by 33.6% and 26.25% compared with the traditional drying method. The surface color of freeze-dried medicinal material was off-white, and the internal texture was loose and porous, and the texture became lighter, the content of total alkaloids and total starch was highest (0.191% and 70.37%, respectively). Comprehensive analysis showed that 50-55 ℃ hot air drying method are better than sun drying method, and can be popularized and applied in the processing of CFC in production place; in the freeze-drying method, the content of active ingredients is high, and it can be used for extraction of medicinal effective ingredients. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of blood components of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium in different years based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS WU Bei, SHEN Meng-yuan, WANG Fu, CHEN Hong-ping, LIU You-ping, CHEN Lin NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2022, 34 (5): 780-789.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2022.5.006 Abstract （295）      PDF（pc） （1355KB）（33）       Knowledge map    Save To analyze and identify the blood components of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium of different aging time by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS).UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS technology and Compound Discover 3.0 software were used for analysis.The spectrum differences of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium extract,administered serum,and blank serum were compared,and molecular weight,secondary fragment information,reference literature,and reference substance information were combined to find out the prototype components and metabolites absorbed into the blood after oral administration of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium liquid.34,24 and 15 components were identified in the blood of 2,4 and 8-year-old Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,and the content of flavonoids in the blood of 2-year-old Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium was higher than that of 4 and 8-year-old Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium.The UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS can provide a rapid,accurate and comprehensive analysis of the migrating components in blood after the administration of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,which can provide a reference for the later research on the pattern of the substance basis of the medicinal effects of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and provide new ideas for the study of the scientific connotation of the older the better of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents from the roots of Stephania tetrandra and their anti-liver fibrosis activity XU Jin-ye, XU Feng-qing, KONG Chui-hao, ZHAO Hong-su, WANG Ren-zhong, WU De-ling NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2022, 34 (12): 2050-2055.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2022.12.008 Abstract （241）      PDF（pc） （508KB）（33）       Knowledge map    Save The chemical constituents from roots of Stephania tetrandra and their anti-liver fibrosis activity were studied.The roots of Stephania tetrandra were extracted with EtOH,and the extractions were separated on column chromatography of silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,ODS and semi-preparative HPLC to yield 13 compounds.According to the physical and chemical properties and spectral data,13 compounds were identified as cyclanoline (1),coclaurine (2),5-hydroxymethyl-1-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl]-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (3),isosalsoline (4),thalifoline (5),northalifoline (6),2-methyl-3-hydrox ypyridine (7), (+)-lyoniresinol (8),icariside B5 (9),syringic acid (10),4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (11),4-hydroxybenzoic acid (12),p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester (13).Compounds 1-13 are isolated from this plant for the first time.And compounds 3,4,6-9 have never been reported before from the genus Stephania. The compounds 1-13 were preliminarily examined for anti-liver fibrosis activity.Compounds 2,5,6,10-12 showed antiproliferative activities in LX-2 induced by TGF-β1. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents from the flowers of Bauhinia variegata var. candida and its pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity PENG Jing, HE Rui-jie, XIE Tao-jie, YANG Bing-yuan, WANG Ya-feng, HUANG Yong-lin NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (1): 47-53.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.1.006 Abstract （155）      PDF（pc） （597KB）（33）       Knowledge map    Save To study the chemical constituents from the flowers of B.variegata var. candida.The constituents were isolated from the ethanol extract of flowers of B.variegata var. candida and purified by column chromatography Sephadex LH-20,MCI and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography.The structures of the compounds were identified by NMR spectroscopic data.A total of 17 compounds were isolated from the flowers of B.variegata var. candida,including one glucoside,two benzoic acids,two coumarins,one polycyclic phenols,eleven flavonoids,and the structures were identified as methyl β-D-glucopyranoside (1),methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (2),4-methoxybenzoic acid (3),p-coumaric acid (4),p-methoxy cinnamic acid (5),pacharin (6),naringenin (7),isovitexin (8),kaempferol (9),6-hydroxykaempfero-3-O-glucoside (10),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (11),kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside (12),kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-lucopyranoside (13),quercetin (14),3-O-methylquercetin (15),quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (16),quercetin-3-O-(6″-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-D-glucoside (17).All the compounds were obtained from the plant for the first time .Compounds 10,12,13,14,17 were screened for pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity, and the results showed that the five compounds have certain inhibitory activity on pancrelipase． Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex in the treatment of gout based on network pharmacology,molecular docking and experimental validation LI Min, LI Li, QUAN Yun-yun, ZENG Jin, ZHAO Jun-ning, MAO Jiu-zhou, GONG Xiao-li, YIN Zhu-jun NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (7): 1235-1246.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.7.015 Abstract （327）      PDF（pc） （2380KB）（33）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the potential pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PCC) in the treatment of gout by combining network pharmacology prediction,molecular docking validation and experimental validation.The active ingredients and action targets of PCC were obtained through TCMSP databases,gout-related disease targets were obtained from GeneCards,OMIM and TTD databases.The corresponding targets of the active ingredients of PCC were intersected with the gout targets,and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the intersected genes was mapped with the help of STRING platform and Cytoscape 3.9.0 software.The analysis of gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto gene and gene targets (KEGG) pathway enrichment were performed by using String and MetaScape databases and visually presented through the platform of bioinformatics.Furthermore,molecular docking technology was performed to validate the binding pattern and affinity between the key ingredients and the crucial targets by using AutoDock Tools software.A total of 25 active ingredients and 70 potential key targets for the treatment of gout was screened in PCC. The enrichment of GO function and KEGG pathway showed that PCC might positively regulate cell migration,negatively regulate cell differentiation,inflammatory response,positively regulate cell adhesion,protein phosphorylation,DNA transcription and other biological processes.The most crucial biotargets of PCC against gout were protein kinase B1 (AKT1),tumor necrosis factor (TNF),peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ),interleukin-6 (IL-6),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2),and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that PCC possessed anti-gout activity by regulating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway.The molecular docking results showed that the binding energy between the key biotargets and the five potential active components were much less than -5 kcal/mol.In vitro experiments showed that the core chemical components exhibited potent inhibitory effect on the inflammatory response induced by sodium urate crystal.This study initially revealed PCC has a variety of potential anti-gout active components,and its mechanism may be achieved by modulating multiple biotargets and multiple signal transduction pathways. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Advance in new secondary metabolites from the genus Aspergillus using OSMAC strategy WANG Yi, JIN Tong, ZHAN Yi-cong, ZHANG Hua-wei NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2022, 34 (增刊1): 173-181.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2022.S.023 Abstract （179）      PDF（pc） （1316KB）（32）       Knowledge map    Save Aspergillus is one of the most common and important sources of bioactive natural products.However,the number of new secondary metabolites from Aspergillus stains has become fewer in recent years.In order to overcome this trend,this work firstly makes a comprehensive survey of chemical diversity of Aspergillus using “one strain many compounds” (OSMAC) strategy and evokes their bisynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) on basis of extensive literature search.It not only provides an important basis for further exploring novel secondary metabolites from Aspergillus strains,but also supplies a key reference for deeply utilization of other well studied microorganisms. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation,structure characterization and immunoregulatory activity of Cerasus humilis polysaccharide FENG Luo-luo, WANG Rui, DONG Zhao-bin, LIAO Yu-mei, WANG Guo-liang, ZHANG Run-guang, ZHANG You-lin NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2022, 34 (5): 739-749.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2022.5.002 Abstract （266）      PDF（pc） （1846KB）（32）       Knowledge map    Save Cerasus humilis is rich in calcium,rich in nutrition,and has immune function.Research on the preparation,structure and immunoregulatory activity of C. humilis polysaccharide (CHP) can provide basis for further processing of C. humilis.In this paper,the CHP was extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method using C. humilis as raw material,and the extraction process was optimized by response surface methodology.The CHP was purified by DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography column and G-100 Sephadex gel column.The structure of CHP was characterized by high performance liquid chromatography,gel permeation chromatography and infrared spectroscopy,and the immunoregulatory activity of CHP was determined.The results showed that the optimal extraction process conditions of CHP were as follows:extraction temperature 79 ℃,extraction time 2 h,liquid-solid ratio 16∶1(mL/g).Under these conditions,the polysaccharide yield of dried C. humilis powder was (32.18±0.08)%.There were CHPP-1 and CHPP-2 in the purified C. humilis polysaccharide.The content of CHPP-1 and CHPP-2 were 99.16% and 99.33%,respectively.The monosaccharide composition and molar ratio of CHPP-1 were arabinose∶galacturonic acid∶glucose =51.4∶20.29∶17.36,molecular weight was 47.26 kDa.The monosaccharide composition and molar ratio of CHPP-2 were arabinose∶galacturonic acid∶glucose =41.81∶28.24∶11.68,molecular weight was 22.94 kDa.Both components were pyranoid ring polysaccharides.CHPP-2 can significantly enhance the proliferation of macrophages and effectively stimulate the release of NO,TNF-α,IL-6 and IFN-β.The CHP is rich in content and has strong immunomodulatory activity. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress of polysaccharides intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus based on gut microbiota TANG Zhi-yan, YUAN Ping-chuan, LIU Chun-yan, WANG Guo-dong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2022, 34 (10): 1794-1801.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2022.10.018 Abstract （248）      PDF（pc） （743KB）（32）       Knowledge map    Save Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),with complex and unintelligible pathogenesis,is mainly characterized by persistent high levels of blood glucose.Studies have demonstrated that the disorder of the gut microbiota will lead to a decrease of short-chain fatty acids,affect the metabolism of bile acids,branched-chain amino acids and lipopolysaccharide secretion,so as to induce insulin resistance and chronic inflammation and gradually develop into T2DM.Polysaccharides,which have a positive regulatory effect on the intestinal microecology,are polymer compounds made up of more than ten monosaccharides connected by glycosidic bonds.They can improve the function of gut microbiota,maintain the balance of gut microbiota,and improve a series of metabolic disorders caused by intestinal flora disorders in T2DM,thus reducing insulin resistance and achieving glycemic control.This article reviews the influence of gut microbiota on T2DM and the effect of polysaccharide-gut microbiota interaction on type 2 diabetes mellitus,so as to provide new ideas for the treatment of T2DM with polysaccharides. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）