天然产物研究与开发 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 1985-1993.doi: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2025.11.001 cstr: 32307.14.1001-6880.2025.11.001

• 研究论文 •    下一篇

花椒精油纳米脂质体的制备、表征及抑菌作用研究

李西波1,2,3*,张玉琳1,张皓月1,白蓉蓉1,张  继1,2,3   

  1. 1西北师范大学生命科学学院;2西北师范大学新农村发展研究院;3甘肃省功能食品技术创新中心,兰州 730070
  • 出版日期:2025-11-27 发布日期:2025-11-26
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省自然科学基金(22JR5RA149)

Study on preparation,characterization,and antibacterial activity of Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil nanoliposomes

LI Xi-bo1,2,3*,ZHANG Yu-lin1,ZHANG Hao-yue1,BAI Rong-rong1,ZHANG Ji1,2,3   

  1. 1College of Life Science,Northwest Normal University;2Institute of New Rural Development,Northwest Normal University; 3Functional Food Technology Innovation Center of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,China 
  • Online:2025-11-27 Published:2025-11-26

摘要:

为解决花椒精油(Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil,ZBEO)易挥发、稳定性差等问题,本研究以蛋黄卵磷脂与胆固醇为壁材,采用薄膜水合-高压均质法构建花椒精油纳米脂质体(Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil nanoliposomes,ZBEO-NL)。通过包封率、透射电镜、动态光散射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、热重分析及储藏稳定性测试等多维度表征手段系统评估ZBEO-NL的结构特性,并采用纸片扩散法探究其抑菌活性。结果表明,纳米脂质体的包封率达88.7% ± 1.2%,呈单层囊泡结构,水合粒径为161.69 ± 2.4 nm(Zeta电位 = -32.12 ± 0.8 mV),显著优于空白脂质体(158.80 ± 3.1 nm,Zeta电位 = -27.08 ± 1.2 mV)。傅里叶变换红外光谱与X射线衍射分析表明,磷脂分子与ZBEO间通过氢键及疏水作用形成非晶态复合物,热重分析证实其热分解温度延迟至435.6 ℃。储藏实验显示,4 ℃条件下14天包封率仅下降8.2%。抑菌实验表明,ZBEO-NL对大肠杆菌(抑菌圈直径18.55 ± 0.33 mm)及枯草芽孢杆菌(14.37 ± 0.17 mm)的抑制作用显著高于游离精油(16.25 ± 0.80、12.24 ± 0.10 mm)。本研究成功构建了高稳定性的ZBEO纳米递送系统,并基于磷脂-胆固醇仿生膜结构开发了ZBEO-NL,为天然抗菌剂的产业化应用提供了理论依据与技术支撑。

关键词: 花椒精油, 纳米脂质体, 表征, 稳定性, 抑菌活性

Abstract:

To solve the problems of volatility and poor stability of Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil (ZBEO), ZBEO nanoliposomes (ZBEO-NL) were developed in this study using a thin-film hydration-high-pressure homogenization method with egg yolk lecithin and cholesterol as encapsulation materials, with the aim of improving stability and expanding application potential. The physicochemical properties of ZBEO-NL were systematically evaluated by encapsulation efficiency, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and storage stability tests. The antibacterial activity was investigated using the agar diffusion method. The nanoliposomes exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of 88.7% ± 1.2%, a monodisperse unilamellar vesicle structure, and a hydrated particle size of 161.69 ± 2.4 nm (Zeta potential = -32.12 ± 0.8 mV), clearly superior to empty liposomes (158.80 ± 3.1 nm, Zeta potential = -27.08 ± 1.2 mV). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that amorphous complexes were formed through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions between phospholipid molecules and ZBEO, while thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that its thermal decomposition temperature was delayed to 435.6 ℃. Storage studies showed a minimal encapsulation efficiency reduction of 8.2% after 14 days at 4 ℃. Antibacterial tests showed that ZBEO-NL exhibited a significantly stronger inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli (inhibition zone diameter: 18.55 ± 0.33 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (14.37 ± 0.17 mm) compared to free ZBEO (16.25 ± 0.80 mm and 12.24 ± 0.10 mm, respectively), with statistical significance (P < 0.05). In this study, a highly stable ZBEO nanodelivery system was successfully constructed, and ZBEO-NL was developed based on a bionic phospholipid-cholesterol membrane structure, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the industrial application of natural antibacterial agents.

Key words:

Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil, Nanoliposomes, Characterization, Stability; Antibacterial activity

中图分类号:  Q586 R28