In order to better realize the dual use of Gastrodia elata Bl. as medicine and food,the special "horse urine taste" odor components of fresh G. elata were detected by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS),and the contribution of the detected components to the overall odor was evaluated by the odor activity value.The results showed that 27 volatile compounds were detected and identified in the four treatment groups,including seven compounds including olefin,benzene,ketones,aldehydes,alcohols,phenols and organic acids,and 22 of them had corresponding odor descriptions,indicating that the special odor of G. elata was a compound odor formed by multiple components.Analysis of common components in different parts of G. elata ,analysis of relative odor activity value and principal component analysis showed that eight components were part of the material basis of the odor components of G. elata,among which n-octyl aldehyde and laurene were two of the main components in the odor formation of G. elata.