Abstract: To investigate the chemical constituents of Paeonia rockii pollen.Eighteen compounds were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate extract of pollen by various column chromatography involving silica gel,polyamide,Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC.Their structures were identified,on the basis of modern spectroscopic data and literature data,as adenosine (1),apigenin (2),limocitrin (3),sexangularetin (4),quercetin (5),limocitrin-3-β-D-glucoside (6),sexangularetin-3-O-y1-β-D-sophoroside (7),limocitrin-3-O-y1-β-D-sophoroside(8),paeoniflorin (9),albiflorin (10),oxypaeoniflorin (11),β-sitosterol (12),gallic acid (13),myristic acid (14),linoleic acid (15),p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(16),di-N-pentyl phthalate (17) and sucrose (18),respectively. All of these compounds were isolated and identified from Paeonia rockii pollen，of which compounds 3, 4 and 6 were isolated from the genus Paeonia for the first time.

Key words: Paeonia rockii pollen, ethyl acetate extract, constituents, flavonoids, terpenes