To investigate the chemical constituents from the leaves of Synadenium grantii and their anti-inflammatory activities in vitro,various column chromatography techniques such as column chromatography on silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 were used to isolate and purify compounds and their structures were identified by spectral data including NMR and physicochemical properties.Some compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells.Ten compounds were isolated and identified as germanicol (1),euphol (2),1-octacosanol (3),β-sitosterol (4),stigmasterol (5),ingol 7,8,12-triacetate-3-phenylacetate (6),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnpyranoside (7),daucosterol (8),3,3,4′-tri-O-methylellagic acid 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10).Compounds 3 and 6-10 were isolated from the species for the first time,among which compounds 3,6,8 and 9 were isolated from the plants in genus Synadenium for the first time.Compound 9 shows good anti-inflammatory activity in vitro with an IC₅₀ values of 12.0±0.9 μM.