In this study,to elucidate the anti-aging mechanism caused by Rosa davurica Pall.,the examination of ethology and gene sequencing technology were used as research methods to investigate the anti-aging activity and the changes of anti-aging-related genes by Drosophila as a model.The results found that a total of 128 differential genes were found in Drosophila melanogaster compared with blank group,including 53 up-regulated and 75 down-regulated.Ethanol extract of Rosa davurica can up-regulate longevity genes such as HSP,HSP70,HSP73 and IMP2 genes to improve the stress ability of Drosophila,and can down-regulate genes such as ACTB-G1,Actin,HIPPO and so on to regulate phagocytosis,light transmission and HIPPO signals.These pathways provide the gene expression profile and differential expression information during the growth of Drosophila affected by Rosa davurica.And it reveals the key gene expression characteristics during the inhibition of Drosophila melanogaster aging.This study can provide experimental basis for the reuse and deep industrialization development of Rosa davurica resources.