The sample was taken from the soil of Huaqing oilfield of Gansu Province,and a streptomycete called Sa was obtained through separation and screening.Sa was assigned to a species of Streptomyces anthracene according to its morphologic properties,physiological and biochemical characteristics,and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA.To investigate the degradation performance and dehydrogenase activity of anthracene under different temperatures,pH,the quantity of bacterial liquid,and salinity,the anthracene is taken as the only carbon source to determine its degradation rate and dehydrogenase activity.By taking the dehydrogenase activity as the response value during the degradation process,the influence of the interaction between each independent variable on the dehydrogenase activity is investigated to optimize the response relationship between the dehydrogenase activity and each independent variable.The results indicate that the effects of single factors follow the order of pH,temperature,and bacterial liquid quantity;the effects of interaction follow the order of pH-bacterial liquid quantity,temperature-bacterial liquid quantity,temperature-pH.The P value of interaction between pH and bacterial liquid quantity is less than 0.05,and its interaction has a significant effect on the dehydrogenase activity of anthracene.The dehydrogenase activity is 121.50 μg/mL which is close to the predicted result and indicates the good dehydrogenase activity of S. anthracene.