This study aimed to investigate the ameliorating effects of Mume Fructus (MF) on dysbiosis of murine gut microbiota induced by antibiotics, and to supply scientific basis for further development and utilization of Mume Fructus. Forty ICR mice were randomly divided into a blank group of 8 and an intestinal dysbiosis group of 32, which were randomly divided into model, high-dose MF (H), medium-dose MF (Me) and low-dose MF (L) groups. Thirty-two mice with intestinal dysbiosis received respectively treatment for 15 days, and simultaneously antibiotics (ig) from the tenth day. The murine weight was monitored, the pathological changes of tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the murine gut miocrobiota determined by high-throughput sequencing and inflammatory factors detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with normal group, H and Me groups reduced the average body weight and reversed the weight gain induced by antibiotics. The Me group restored the inflammatory markers, TNF-α，IL-1β and IL-6 to normal. Observations from a HE staining experiment demonstrated that H group had gastric irritation. At the phylum level, compared with the model group, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria had decreased in the L and Me groups. Meanwhile, at the genus level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Faecalibaculum had increased in the L and Me groups, and those of Bifidobacterium and Blautia had increased in the L and H groups. This study provided a scientific basis for clinical medication of MF from the perspective of microecology, and revealed its potential as intestinal microecological modulator.