Camellia oleifera Abel.,a unique woody oil crop in China,with high edible and medicinal value contained many of chemical compounds such as sterols,triterpenoids,and phenols.Among these constituents,triterpenoids and phenols are the most predominant chemical compounds in C. oleifera.According to pharmacological research,both seed extract of C. oleifera(Camellia oil) and some triterpenoids (tea saponin) and phenols all showed significant antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.This article systematically summarizes the chemical compounds and their anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of C. oleifera,in order to provide a certain theoretical basis for the rational development of C. oleifera resources.