To establish an animal model and evaluation index of Qi-yin deficiency syndrome of diabetic kidney disease.Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group (10 rats) and model group (20 rats) according to body weight.The model group was fed high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet for four weeks,and the diabetic rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) 25 mg/kg.The model rats were assigned to diabetic kidney disease model group (10 rats) and Qi-yin deficiency syndrome combined model group (QYCM) (10 rats) according to the 24 h urinary protein value.The QYCM was administrated with Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia,Pericarpium Citri Peticulatae Viride and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus by gavage at 5∶6∶6,13 g/kg for eight weeks.The measurement indexes of rats were observed.It was found that compared with normal group and diabetic kidney disease model group,the content of beneficial bacteria in fecal stool of rats in combination with QYCM:Lactobacillus, Clostridium,Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium decreased significantly;Pathogenic bacteria:Fusobacterium,Enterobacter,Trichospirillaceae,Enterococcus faecalis increased significantly;Serum immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin M(IgM) and kidney tissue sodium potassium pump enzyme (Na⁺/K⁺-ATP),calcium magnesium pump(Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP) in kidney tissue were significantly lower than those in normal group (P<0.05).Cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) and cyclic adenosine phosphate/cyclic guanosine phosphate (cGMP) were significantly higher than those in normal group (P<0.05).HE staining showed that compared with normal group and diabetic kidney disease model group,there were obvious kidney and colon injuries in QYCM.The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in kidney and colon were significantly increased,while the expressions of muscarinic choline receptor M3 (M₃R),5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A(5-HT_3A),occludin and tight junction protein (ZO-1) in colon were significantly decreased.The experimental results showed that the basic syndrome characteristics of diabetic kidney disease in Qi-yin deficiency syndrome could be partially formed by feeding rats with high sugar and high fat for four weeks combined with abdominal injection of STZ 25 mg/kg,Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia,Pericarpium Citri Peticulatae Viride and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus for eight weeks,which was used to evaluate the establishment of diabetic kidney disease in Qi-yin deficiency syndrome.