Lonicerae Flos is a valuable medicinal resource,but the chemical composition and biological activity of its oil have not been studied in depth.In this study,the Lonicerae Flos oil was prepared by supercritical CO₂ extraction method.A systematic characterization of chemical components was performed based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-QE-MS).Its biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in vitro were also studied.The GC-MS results based on non-methylation and methyl esterification methods indicated a total of 66 chemicals and the main compounds were fatty acids,sterols,and alkanes.UHPLC-QE-MS identified 83 and 71 compounds in positive and negative ion modes,respectively,mainly including terpenoids and flavonoids.Moreover,antioxidant activity analysis indicated that the ability of Lonicerae Flos oil to scavenge ABTS free radical has a good dose-dependent,and the IC₅₀ of Lonicerae Flos oil involved in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay was 3.49 mg/mL.Meanwhile,The anti-inflammatory test showed that oil can significantly inhibit the expression of IL-6 (P<0.05) and NO (P<0.05) levels in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS.These results show that the Lonicerae Flos oil is a natural active source with good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities,and it has good development and application value in Food and medicine.