天然产物研究与开发 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 1585-1593.doi: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2025.8.020 cstr: 32307.14.1001-6880.2025.8.020

• 综述 • 上一篇    

天然产物防治农作物病害的作用机理及应用

于  清1，黄宏坤3，黄文坤1*，周向平2*   

  1. 1中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室，北京 100193；2湖南省烟草公司永州市公司,永州 425100；3农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京 10012
  • 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-08-25
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2600404，2022YFC26022 04)；国家自然科学基金(32172382)；湖南省烟草公司永州市公司科技项目(YZ2024KJ01)

Mechanism and application of natural products on controlling crop diseases

YU Qing1,HUANG Hong-kun3,HUANG Wen-kun1*,ZHOU Xiang-ping2*   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,the Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;2Yongzhou Tobacco Company,Hunan Provincial Tobacco Corporation,Yongzhou 425100,China;3General Station of Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China
  • Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-08-25

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摘要：

作物病害对作物产量、品质及经济效益造成严重影响，大量使用化学农药对病害进行防治不仅会影响食品安全、造成环境污染，还会导致病害产生抗性而增加病害防治的难度，严重影响农业生产发展。因此寻找更高效环保的农药是当务之急。天然产物农药具有生物活性高、环境友好、不易产生抗药性等优点,在防控农作物病害、减少作物损失、保障粮食安全、保护生态环境中发挥着重要作用。本文从天然产物对真菌、细菌、病毒、线虫病害的作用机理及其在防治农作物病害方面的应用进展进行了综述，并对其应用前景进行了展望，将为农作物病害绿色防控提供理论基础。

关键词: 天然产物, 病害防治, 作用机理, 应用, 农药

Abstract:

Crop diseases can severely impact crop yield, quality, and economic benefits. The extensive use of chemical pesticides for disease control not only affects food safety and causes environmental pollution but also leads to the development of disease resistance, increasing the difficulty of disease management and severely affecting the development of agricultural production. Therefore, the search for more efficient and environmentally friendly pesticides is an urgent priority. Biopesticides, derived from natural products, have the advantages of high biological activity, environmental friendliness, and less likelihood of causing resistance in pests. They play an important role in the prevention and control of crop diseases, reduction of crop losses, safeguarding food security, and protection of the ecological environment. This article provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms by which natural products act against fungal, bacterial, viral, and nematode diseases, as well as their application progress in the prevention and control of crop diseases. It also looks forward to their application prospects, which will provide a theoretical basis for the green prevention and control of crop diseases.

Key words: natural products, disease control, mechanism, application, pesticide

中图分类号:  S476+.9

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