To enhance the bioavailability of Turpinia arguta (Lindl.) Seem.,an optimized extraction process was first developed using ligustroflavone and rhoifolin content,along with paste yield,as key evaluation indices.A temperature-sensitive nasal gel formulation of T.arguta (Tup-Gel) was then prepared.The physicochemical properties of Tup-Gel,including pH,gelation temperature,rheological behavior,and in vitro drug release,were systematically characterized.Furthermore,a pharmacokinetic study was conducted in male rats to compare the bioavailability of T.arguta extract in solution and in gel form.The optimal extraction conditions were identified as a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶14(μg/mL),ethanol concentration of 70%,extraction time of 1.5 h,and three extraction cycles.Tup-Gel exhibited a pH of 5.54 ± 0.03 and a gelation temperature of 32.93 ± 0.31 ℃.In vitro release studies demonstrated that Tup-Gel effectively harnesses the advantages of gel-based delivery systems,providing a sustained-release profile.Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the relative bioavailability of ligustroflavone and rhoifolin from Tup-Gel increased to 325.63% and 330.56%,respectively,compared to the traditional extract.These findings suggest that Tup-Gel significantly enhances the bioavailability of ligustroflavone and rhoifolin,offering a promising platform for the development of novel T.arguta formulations.

"> Turpinia agute (Lindl.) Seem., ligustroflavone, rhoifolie, temperature-sensistive nasal gel, nasal administration, pharmacokinetics