Acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP) is an important protein,which can transport newly synthesized fatty acids from plastids to the endoplasmic reticulum and exist in the endoplasmic reticulum in the form of triacylglycerol.In this paper,the structural characteristics of ACBP and the related researches in anti-depression,regulation of gene expression,control of tumor cell proliferation,and involvement of ACBP in adipocyte synthesis are reviewed,and the future application of ACBP in biomedicine is also prospected.