Discussing the difference of volatile components in different parts of Zingiber mioga Rosc is to extract natural fragrance components from Z. mioga plant.Volatile components in different parts of Z. mioga (root,stem,leaf and flower bud) were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS).The results showed that a total of 197 compounds were identified from the four parts of Z. mioga.There were 92,67,64 and 96 kinds of volatile components in root,stem,leaf and flower bud respectively.A total of 25 volatile compounds have been reported to exist in Z. mioga.Alkenes and alcohols were the main volatile compounds.Sabinene was the most abundant compound in root and bud,accounting for about 13%,but only 1.98% in leaf. β-Pinene was the most abundant compound in stem and leaf,accounting for 53.46%.In addition,α-pinene,cryptone,α-terpineol were the relatively high contents in each site.There were special volatile components in different parts of Z. mioga,23 kinds same volatile components as well.