This study aims to optimise the extraction process and evaluate the quality of Fritillaria unibracteata fluid extract (FUFE).The comprehensive score of total alkaloid content,the content of peimisine,the sum of the three alkaloid contents of peimine,peiminine and sipeimine,and the extraction rate were used as the evaluation indexes,and the single factor experiment were used to determine the effects of the volume fraction of ethanol,the amount of ethanol,the infiltration time,and the percolation speed on the extraction of FUFE;The Box-Benhnken response surface method was used to determine and verify the optimal percolation extraction process conditions of FUFE;the qualitative identification of F. unibracteata by thin-layer chromatography (TLC),and the examination of its moisture,ash and leachate;the establishment of a TLC method for the qualitative identification of peimisine and peiminine in the FUFE,and the examination of its ethanol amount and heavy metals.The results showed that the optimal extraction process for FUFE ware as flows:ethanol volume fraction 70%,ethanol dosage 18 times,infiltration time 39 h,and percolation rate 3 mL/(kg·min),and the comprehensive score of FUFE under these conditions was (89.97±1.90)%.The TLC results of the herbs and the fluid extract were clear spots with good separation,the moisture of the herbs was not more than 15%,the ash was not more than 5.0% and the leachate was more than 9.0%,and the amount of ethanol and the examination of heavy metals of FUFE complied with the provisions of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for fluid extract preparation.The optimised extraction process of FUFE is stable and feasible,and provides a reference for the development and utilization of F. unibracteata.