Abstract: Essential oils from the aerial and rhizome parts of Alpinia pumila Hook. f. were analyzed by GC-MS. Eighty-two and fifty-two compositions were separated and identified, including 42 common compositions. The major compound was α-fenchyl acetate, accounting for 22% and 13% in the aerial and rhizome parts of A. pumila, respectively. Through three gram-positive and three gram-negative bacteria screening, two kinds of oil showed good inhibition against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus, and the volatile oil of rhizome exhibited inhibitory action against Micrococcus luteus. The results suggested that the A. pumila is a good anti gram-positive bacteria resource for development and utilization of Alpinia sp..