天然产物研究与开发 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 1486-1496.doi: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2025.8.010 cstr: 32307.14.1001-6880.2025.8.010

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同采收期铁皮石斛小分子代谢物含量变化研究

王  城1，黎琬琳2，杜旭泓1，廖  建3，付学琴1，陈雅玲1*   

  1. 1江西师范大学生命科学学院，南昌 330022；2汕头大学理学院，汕头 515063；3江西生物职业技术学院，南昌 330008
  • 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-08-25
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32160087)

Variation of small molecule metabolite content in Dendrobium officinale at different harvesting periods

WANG Cheng1,LI Wan-lin2,DU Xu-hong1,LIAO Jian3,FU Xue-qin1,CHEN Ya-ling1*   

  1. 1College of Life Science,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;2College of Sciences,Shantou University,Shantou 515063,China;3Jiangxi Biological Vocational College,Nanchang 330008,China
  • Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-08-25

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摘要：

探究两年生铁皮石斛在不同收获时期小分子代谢物含量变化，确定适宜采收期以期获得目标含量代谢物的铁皮石斛。采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术、超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术对铁皮石斛糖类、生物碱及氨基酸三类小分子代谢物进行深入分析。结果显示，随着采收月份的后延，含量较高的葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖在11月中旬到次年4月初的积累变化趋势为先上升后下降，其中在次年1月至3月期间达到峰值，随后在次年3月中旬开始下降。不同采收期中，相对含量较高的3种生物碱依次为胆碱、玫瑰石斛碱、异玫瑰石斛碱，占所测定出各采收期生物碱总相对含量的89.20%、88.05%、90.11%、92.80%。分组差异倍数分析结果显示各生物碱成分相对含量在不同采收期具有一定差异。两年生铁皮石斛在不同采收期18种氨基酸总量表现不一致，其中在次年4月初采收氨基酸含量最高，达0.484%，而在11月中旬采收氨基酸含量最低，只有0.09%。综合上述3类小分子代谢物含量的差异分析，两年生铁皮石斛建议在次年2月中旬、11月中旬或次年4月初、次年4月初采收可以获得较高含量的糖类、生物碱、氨基酸。

关键词: 铁皮石斛, 采收期, 代谢物含量变化, 糖类, 生物碱, 氨基酸

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the variations in the content of small molecule metabolites in two-year-old Dendrobium officinale at different harvesting periods, with the goal of determining the optimal harvesting time to obtain the desired metabolite content. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were employed to conduct an in-depth analysis of three categories of small molecule metabolites: sugars, alkaloids, and amino acids. The results revealed that the accumulation trends of glucose, fructose, and sucrose, which were present in higher concentrations, initially increased and then decreased from mid-November to early April of the following year, peaking between January and March, before beginning to decline in mid-March. Among the alkaloids, choline, dendrobine, and isodendrobine were the most abundant, accounting for 89.20%, 88.05%, 90.11%, and 92.80% of the total relative alkaloid content across the different harvesting periods, respectively. Differential analysis indicated that the relative content of each alkaloid varied across the harvesting periods. The total content of 18 amino acids in two-year-old D. officinale also varied, with the highest content (0.484%) observed in early April of the following year and the lowest (0.09%) in mid-November. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the three categories of small molecule metabolites, it is recommended to harvest two-year-old D. officinale in mid-February, mid-November, or early April of the following year to obtain higher concentrations of sugars, alkaloids, and amino acids.

Key words: Dendrobium officinale, period of harvest, changes in metabolite content, sugar, alkaloids, amino acid

中图分类号:  S567 Q946

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