Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor in the digestive tract and the incidence and lethality are increasing year by year,which seriously threatens the safety of human life.Although a variety of chemotherapy agents have been extensively utilized in clinical settings,the potential adverse effects and drug resistance give rise to poor patient compliance,which leads to the failure of chemotherapy.In view of this,it is urgent to excavate effective and low toxicity anti colorectal cancer agents to respond the reality of clinical treatment dilemma.Monomer components,as the main effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine,have prominent advantages in clinical anti colorectal cancer.Compared with synthetic chemicals,it has abundant sources and excellent safety,which possess great potential in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.From the perspective of chemical substances,we herein systematically reviewed the anti-colorectal cancer effects and main molecular mechanisms of monomer components in traditional Chinese medicine,and preliminarily discussed the related research of treating colorectal cancer in combination with the current research status,so as to provide theoretical value for the research and clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine mononer in treating colorectal cancer.