Paeonia rockii is the dominant species of peony population in northwest China,and as a local traditional medicinal material,which has high food and drug value and development potential.At present,a variety of chemical components have been isolated and identified from P. rockii,including monoterpene glycosides,phenols and phenolic glycosides,flavonoids,oligomeric stilbenes,volatile oils,fatty acids,sterols,tannins,triterpenes,etc.Modern research shows that  P. rockii has antioxidant,antibacterial, anticancer and other activities,and has been developed into new resource products such as oral lozenges,soft capsules,oral liquid,health cosmetics,peony wine,flower tea and so on.This paper mainly classifies and sorts out the chemical components of P. rockii at home and abroad in the past ten years,sorts out its activities,development and utilization status,and looks forward to the development prospects,in order to provide reference for the in-depth research and comprehensive development and utilization of  P. rockii.