The whole plant of Oenothera biennis is medicinal,and a variety of bioactive compounds such as unsaturated fatty acids,polyphenols and flavonoids have been isolated from it to date,which exhibit hypolipidemic,hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities.In this study,untargeted metabolomics was employed to detect and identify metabolites in roots,stems,leaves,flowers and seeds of O. biennis. A total of 3714 metabolites were identified,and principal component analysis (PCA) was further applied to screen differential metabolites in different parts of O. biennis,thus establishing a metabolite dataset of different parts of O. biennis.This dataset contains all sample data determined by untargeted metabolomics,as well as categorical data of the metabolites detected and identified in O. biennis,aiming to provide a data reference for the analysis and evaluation of O. biennis quality,the in-depth excavation of its functional components and their efficient utilization.