天然产物研究与开发 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 1222-1234.doi: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.7.014

• 开发研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

道地阳春砂种质资源评价

涂宇婷1，李明晓1,2，汤丽云3，苏   景4，何卓航1,5，徐   杰1,6，张玉仪1，何国振1*   

  1. 1广州中医药大学中药学院，广州 510006；2珠海市中西医结合医院，珠海 519000；3华南农业大学生命科学学院，广州 510642；4阳春市农业试验场（阳春市春砂仁试验场），阳春 529600；5广州达安基因股份有限公司，广州 510525；6广东一方制药有限公司 广东省中药配方颗粒企业重点实验室，佛山 528244
  • 出版日期:2023-07-31 发布日期:2023-07-31
  • 基金资助:
    广东省2022年乡村振兴战略专项（粤财农［2022］92号）；广东省2022年种业振兴项目（粤财农〔2022〕184号）；广东省重点领域研发计划“现代种业”重大专项（2020B020221002）

Evaluation on germplasm resources of genuine Amomum villosum

TU Yu-ting1,LI Ming-xiao1,2,TANG Li-yun3,SU Jing4,HE Zhuo-hang1,5,XU Jie1,6,ZHANG Yu-yi1,HE Guo-zhen1*   

  1. 1College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006,China; 2Zhuhai Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital,Zhuhai 519000,China;3College of Life Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;4Agricultural Experiment Farm of Yangchun City (Amomum villosum Testing Farm of Yangchun City),Yangchun 529600,China;5Daan Gene Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510525,China;6Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule,Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,Foshan 528244,China
  • Online:2023-07-31 Published:2023-07-31

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摘要：

广东省阳春市是阳春砂的道地产区，阳春市有15个镇和2个街道。以阳春市28份不同产地阳春砂种质为材料，测定了不同产地阳春砂果实挥发油、乙酸龙脑酯及挥发油化学成分含量，并结合果实产量进行综合评价，以筛选高产优质阳春砂种质。结果表明，不同产地阳春砂的亩产量、乙酸龙脑酯和挥发油含量及化学成分存在显著差异。对28种阳春砂种质的产量进行比较，发现编号为XAC、XBW、XBC、XBI、XAB、XBH、XBA、XBR、XBK、XAM、XBG、XAF、XBX、XBO、XAP等15种种质的亩产均超过40 kg，远高于阳春市内其它种质；对28份种质的果实质量进行比较，发现编号为XBR、XBC、XAP、XAN、XBF、XBM、XBD、XBH、XAL、XAU、XBE、XBV、XBG等13种的挥发油含量高于3.50%（mL/g）、且乙酸龙脑酯的含量高于2.20%（mL/g），两个指标均远高于2020版《中华人民共和国药典》的规定。通过对各个产地果实挥发油特征化学成分进行聚类分析，可将28个种质分为4类。结论：阳春市不同产地阳春砂的质量和产量存在显著差异。种质XBC、XBH、XBR、XBG和XAP亩产在40 kg以上，且乙酸龙脑酯和挥发油含量分别高于2.20%和3.50%，因此可作为阳春砂高产优质候选种质。

关键词: 阳春市, 阳春砂, 不同产地, 质量, GC-MS, 聚类分析

Abstract:

There are 15 towns and two streets in Yangchun city of Guangdong province which is the genuine producing area of Amomum villosum.In order to select high-yield and high-quality germplasm of A. villosum,28 A. villosum germplasms were collected from different producing areas in Yangchun City.The contents of volatile oil,bornyl acetate and chemical components of A. villosum fruit in each producing area were detected,and the germplasm resources were evaluated combining with the yield of A. villosum.The results showed that there were significant differences in yield per mu,the contents of volatile oil and bornyl acetate.A comparison of the yields of 28 A. villosum germplasm,the yields of the germplasms of XAC,XBW,XBC,XBI,XAB,XBH,XBA,XBR,XBK,XAM,XBG,XAF,XBX,XBO and XAP were greater than 40 kg per 666.67 m2,which are much higher than the average yield of A. villosum in Yangchun City,so the germplasms are defined as high-yield germplasm.The essential oil and bornyl acetate contents of the germplasms of XBR,XBC,XAP,XAN,XBF,XBM,XBD,XBH,XAL,XAU,XBE,XBV and XBG exceeded 3.50% and 2.20% respectively,which are much higher than the limit values of Pharmacopoeia of the People′s Republic of China (2020 Edition).All of 28 germplasms of A. villosum were clustered into 4 categories by analyzing the chemical components in the volatile oil of A. villosum fruits.Conclusion:there are differences in the quality of A. villosum from different places of Yangchun City.The germplasms of XBC,XBH,XBR,XBG and XAP can be the candidates of high-yielding and high-quality of A. villosum basing on their high yield exceeding 40 kg per 666.67 m2,the high essential oil content exceeding 3.50% and the high bornyl acetate content exceeding 2.20%.

Key words: Yangchun City, Amomum villosum, different producing areas, quality, GC-MS, HCA

中图分类号:  R282.5

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