This study aims to establish a process applicable to the extraction and purification of flavonoids from the leaves of Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z.Tang et S.J.Cheng and to analyse its main flavonoid components.In this study,ethanol volume fraction,solid-liquid ratio,temperature and reflux time were selected as potential influencing factors in the design of an orthogonal experiment to establish an optimal extraction process by comparing the yield of shaftoside.We also investigated the influence of various purification resins,sample volumes and eluent variables on shaftoside recovery in order to develop an optimal purification process.Furthermore,UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS was employed to investigate the primary chemical components of the flavonoids present in the extract.The results demonstrated that the optimal extraction process for D. huoshanense leaf flavonoids was achieved with a 70% ethanol solution,a solid to liquid ratio of 1∶30,an extraction temperature of 90 ℃,and an extraction time of 30 minutes.And the yield of shaftoside was 0.348 2% under these conditions.The optimal purification procedure was as follows:AB-8 resin as the purification material,7 BV sample (shaftoside content was 85 μg/mL),and 6 BV of 50% ethanol as the eluent.The recovery of shaftoside under these condition was 96.68%.The content of shaftoside in the dry powder obtained after purification was 5.11%,representing a significant increase of 355% in comparison to the unpurified sample.33 flavonoids were identified in the extract,of which 24 were found for the first time in D. huoshanense.The results indicated that the extraction and purification process was stable and feasible,and can be used for the extraction and purification of flavonoid components in D. huoshanense leaves to obtain high quality flavonoids.