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Mechanism of olibanum in the treatment of acute kidney injury based on network pharmacology and in vitro cell experiment verification BAI Juan, ZHANG Yan, HONG Shu-xia, SHI Jin-ping, XU Li-ting, WANG Fang NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1613-1623.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.015 Abstract （374）      PDF（pc） （2101KB）（127）       Knowledge map    Save To study the mechanism of olibanum on acute kidney injury (AKI) based on network pharmacology,and establish an in vitro model of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) according to the results.To search 223 drug targets through the TCMSP database and the Swiss Target Prediction database,then using the OMIM,DisGeNet,DrugBank and GeneCards database to collect 1 245 disease targets,72 drug-disease targets were obtained through the Venn diagram tool.Protein interaction PPI network was constructed by String database;GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed using DAVID database;Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct the network diagram;Molecular docking was performed by Autodock.Involving Toll-like receptor、TNF、NF-kappa B and other signaling pathways.Based on this,the proliferation of HK-2 was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method,and the grouping was determined.The rate of cell apoptosis was detected by Hoechst33258 fluorescent staining,and the quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression of MAPK3 and PPARG mRNA.The experimental results showed that in CCK-8 experiment,compared with the model group,the cell viability in low,medium and high dose groups decreased gradually (P <0.05);Hoechst33258 experiment,ELISA experiment and Q-PCR experiment,compared with the model group,the cell apoptosis rate,the capacity of cellular inflammatory factors and the molecular weight and mRNA expression of MAPK3 and PPARG protein decreased significantly (P <0.05).In conclusion,olibanum has the characteristics of multi-target and multi-pathway,which provides a basis for the clinical application of this drug. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on HPLC fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition of triterpenoids in Poriae Cutis and White Poria ZHAN Hui-hui, DING Chan, PENG Si-yuan, LIU Yuan, MENG Jun-hua, XIAO Zuo-wei, CUI Pei-wu NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1469-1479.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.001 Abstract （315）      PDF（pc） （1323KB）（72）       Knowledge map    Save In this study,HPLC analysis combined with chemical pattern recognition was employed to establish the HPLC fingerprint related to triterpenoids in Poriae Cutis and White Poria,which can provide a reference for quality control and standard establishment of decoction pieces derived from mycomedicine Poria cocos.HPLC method was adopted and performed on an Agilent 5 TC-C18 (2) column (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile and 0.3% phosphoric acid solution,and gradient elution procedure was employed with the flow rate setting at 1.0 mL/min.The column temperature was set at 25 °C,the detection wavelength was set at 242 and 203 nm,and the injection volume was 10 μL,respectively.To establish the HPLC fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition of Poriae Cutis and White Poria,cluster analysis (CA),principal component analysis (PCA) and similarity evaluation were adopted to process the experimental data,the similarity and difference of Poriae Cutis and White Poria samples were analyzed subsequently.Finally,the key chromatographic peaks representing triterpenoids were pointed out from the established HPLC fingerprint.Among the common chemical components showed in the chromatograms,six peaks related to poricoic acid B (peak 2),dehydrotumulosic acid (peak 3),poricoic acid A (peak 4),dehydropachymic acid (peak 9),pachymic acid (peak 10),and dehydrotrametenolic acid (peak 10) were indentified,respectively.The similarity of tested decoction pieces from the same part of P. cocos sclerotium were all above 0.90.According to CA and PCA data,all the decoction pieces analyzed in this study can be divided into two groups representing different medicinal parts of P. cocos sclerotium.Seven common chromatographic peaks including peak 3 (dehydrotumulosic acid),peak 5,peak 6,peak 8,peak 9 (dehydropachymic acid),peak 10 (pachymic acid) and peak 11 were essential for the quality evaluation of Poriae Cutis and White Poria,the other eight chromatographic peaks including peak 1,peak 2 (poricoic acid B),peak 4 (poricoic acid A),peak 7,peak 12 (dehydrotrametenolic acid) and peaks 13 to 15 could be used as the characteristic identification peaks for evaluating the quality of Poriae Cutis according to the loading scatter analysis of PCA data.The characteristic difference deduced from the 15 common chromatographic peaks of White Poria samples was smaller than that of Poriae Cutis samples.The established HPLC fingerprint of Poriae Cutis and White Poria combined with chemical pattern recognition can provide a scientific reference for the quality control and evaluation of samples or products derived from P. cocos . Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents of Senecio scandens and their anti-tobacco mosaic virus activity FU Tao, LI Ya-li, ZHANG Wei, WU Jiang-mei, LIU Yang, LUO Xin-xiang, YAN Xiao-hui, HU Shi-jun NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1554-1561.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.009 Abstract （305）      PDF（pc） （778KB）（64）       Knowledge map    Save In order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new plant virus inhibitors,the chemical components of Senecio scandens and its activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were determined.The chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate extract from the aboveground part of S. scandens were separated by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,MCI and other column chromatography methods,and its structures were identified by NMR and MS data.The inhibitory activity of the compound against TMV was screened by the half-leaf spot method in vivo.Thirteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of S. scandens. According to their physicochemical properties and spectral data,they were identified as 9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3-one (1),7β-methoxystigmast-5-en-3β-ol (2),dotriacontane (3),ursolic acid (4),stigmasterol (5),(22E)-ergosta-6,22-diene-3β,5β,8α-triol (6),kaempferol (7),indole-3-carboxaldehyde (8),nepetin (9),quetrcetin (10),taxifolin (11),jacaranone (12),phytol (13).Except compound 7 and compound 10,the other compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.The results showed that compound 8 and compound 13 had strong anti-TMV activity. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Isolation and purification of Qi-Gui polysaccharides and their in vitro inhibitory activity on tumor cell proliferation LIU Wen-juan, MA Shan-bo, LU Wen-fei, CUI Dong-xiao, XU Ding-qiao, YUE Shi-jun, CAO Wei, TANG Yu-ping NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (10): 1651-1658.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.10.001 Abstract （276）      PDF（pc） （1607KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save Astragali Radix-Angelica Sinensis Radix (Qi-Gui herb pair) has long been used as a classic herb pair for tonifying qi and nourishing blood.Polysaccharide is one of its major active ingredients.Two of the Qi-Gui polysaccharides named AAPS-1a and AAPS-3a,significantly inhibited the proliferation of human colon cancer cells HCT116 and human lung carcinoma cells A549,with IC50 of (47.59±1.3) μg/mL,(18.33±2.5) μg/mL for HCT116 cells,and IC50 of (52.12±1.1) μg/mL,(170.21±2.3) μg/mL for A549 cells.Furthermore,AAPS-1a and AAPS-3a induced apoptosis in HCT116 and A549 cells.The apoptotic rate of the HCT116 cells were 31.4%,46.5% respectively and the apoptotic rate of the A549 cells were 19.3% and 33.0% separately.Structural analysis showed that AAPS-1a and AAPS-3a were homogeneous polysaccharides with molecular weights of 7.3×105 and 8.5×104 Da,respectively.Our study found two homogeneous Qi-Gui polysaccharides with significant anti-tumor activity in vitro,which provide experimental basis for clarifying the anti-tumor structure of polysaccharides in Qi-Gui herb pair. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Efficacy,mechanism and preliminary safety of compound essential oil for refreshing the brain by nasal inhalation LIU Xiao-jin, LIU Ri-qun, ZHENG Qin, YANG Ming, HU Peng-yi , LI Zi-qi, XIAO Shu-hua NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1591-1601.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.013 Abstract （265）      PDF（pc） （2293KB）（70）       Knowledge map    Save To evaluate the efficacy,mechanism and safety of compound essential oil sniffing on refreshing and alerting mice.The effects of compound essential oil on refreshing and alerting the brains of Kunming mice were comprehensively evaluated through behavioral tests of autonomic activity and sleep induced by pentobarbital sodium.The contents of dopamine (DA) and glutamic acid (GLU) neurotransmitters in the blood and brain of mice were detected by enzyme-associated immunoassay (ELISA).The effects of compound essential oil on dopamine receptor D1R protein levels in different brain regions of mice were studied by Western blot,and the mechanism of alerting the brain was clarified.The safety of compound essential oil was investigated by acute toxicology experiment of single high-dose inhalation administration,and the chemical constituents of compound essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The results of animal experiments showed that compared with the control group,the mice in the low,medium and high dose groups of compound essential oil could significantly increase the exercise distance every day after three days of sniffing (P<0.01),average velocity (P<0.01),shorten the rest time (P<0.01),significantly increase the autonomic activity of mice;Sniffing essential oils for three consecutive days significantly shortened the total sleep duration (P<0.01),has the effect of refreshing and waking the mind.ELISA results showed that compared with the control group,compound essential oil significantly increased DA and GLU levels in the blood and brain of mice (P<0.05,P<0.05);Western blot results showed that compound essential oil significantly upregulated D1R protein levels in hippocampus,hypothalamus,prefrontal cortex and other brain tissues of mice (P<0.05).In a single high-dose sniffing experiment,compound essential oil had no significant effects on body weight,blood cell-related indexes,liver and kidney function in mice,and HE stained pathological sections showed that compound essential oil had no pathological damage to brain,nose,lung,liver,kidney and other tissues.Results of GC-MS showed the highest content of L-menthol (24.54%),followed by eugenol (16.25%),L-menthol (7.78%),bornol (7.30%),L-caryophyllene (5.29%) and 1,8-eudesin (3.40%).Compound essential oils have the effect of refreshing and waking the brain in mice,and are safe for sniffing.Its mechanism may be related to increased levels of DA and GLU in the blood and brain,and increased regulation of D1R protein levels in different brain regions. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of active ingredients from Scutellaria Radix on alcoholic liver disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking and effect verification YE Jing-rong, LIU Rui, CHENG Cheng, ZHANG Feng-ying, YANG Xue NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1602-1612.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.014 Abstract （264）      PDF（pc） （2851KB）（84）       Knowledge map    Save Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were adopted to explore the possible mechanism of Scutellaria Radix in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.The therapeutic effect of active ingredient of Scutellaria Radix on alcoholic liver disease was verified by cell experiment in vitro.The effective components and targets of Scutellaria Radix were retrieved from TCMSP,Swiss ADME and Swiss Target Prediction databases;The disease targets related to alcoholic liver disease were retrieved from GeneCards,OMIM,DisGeNET,TTD and PharmGKB databases;Using String database to build target interaction network;Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were conducted for key targets through metascape database.The "active ingredient target pathway" interaction network of Scutellaria Radix for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease was constructed by using Cytoscape 3.8.0 software,and the active ingredient and key target of Scutellaria Radix were screened for molecular docking.Based on the results of network pharmacology and molecular docking,the prediction results were preliminarily verified by cell experiments in vitro.A total of 27 active components of Scutellaria Radix were obtained after ADME screening,and these 27 active components could play a therapeutic role in alcoholic liver disease through 257 gene targets,among which the key core targets are SRC,AKT1,PIK3R1,STAT3,PIK3CA,etc.The enrichment analysis of KEGG signal pathway showed that the main signal pathways of Scutellaria Radix in treating alcoholic liver disease included cancer pathway,PI3K Akt signal pathway,lipid and atherosclerosis,chemical carcinogenic reactive oxygen species,prostate cancer,etc;Molecular docking results suggest that Alpinetin may be one of the key effective ingredients of Scutellaria Radix in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease;In vitro cell experiments proved that Alpinetin could significantly improve the alcoholic injury of rat liver cells BRL3A.Through the results of network pharmacology,molecular docking technology and cell experiment,it can be analyzed and inferred that Scutellaria Radix can play a role in the prevention and treatment of alcoholic liver disease through multi-component and multi target methods.As a key active ingredient,Alpinetin can provide basis and reference for further development of drugs related to the treatment of alcoholic liver injury by using Scutellaria Radix. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Protective effects and mechanism of Moringa oleifera leaf polysaccharide on ulcerative colitis in mice Hosameldeen Mohamed Husien, PENG Wei-long, LIU Ming-jiang, BO Ruo-nan, LI Jin-gui NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (10): 1659-1668.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.10.002 Abstract （264）      PDF（pc） （1469KB）（27）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of Moringa oleifera leaf polysaccharide (MOLP) on ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS).50 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal Con group,DSS group,MOLP-L(25 mg/kg) group,MOLF-M (50 mg/kg) group,and MOLF-H(100 mg/kg) group.Mice were induced UC by drinking 4% DSS.During the experiment,the general condition and body weight of mice were recorded daily,and the changes in disease activity index (DAI) were observed;ELISA was used to measure the contents of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-10,HMGB1 in serum and MPO in colon tissue;HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphological damage of colon tissues;qPCR was used to detect TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-10 and HMGB1 mRNA expression levels in colon tissues;Western blot was used to measure TLR4,MyD88,P65,p-P65,IκBα and p-IκBα expression in colon tissues;16S rRNA was showed the changes of intestinal microflora in mice.Compared with the Con group,mice in the DSS group had decreased general condition,weight loss,colon length was shortened,DAI and pathological section damage scores were significantly increased (P<0.001),TNF-α,IL-1β,HMGB1 content and MPO activity were significantly increased (P<0.001),TLR4,MyD88,colon tissue.The protein expression levels of p-P65 and p-IκBα were significantly upregulated (P<0.001);Compared with the DSS group,the condition of mice in the different doses of MOLP treatment group was significantly improved,and significantly increased IL-10 expression,the results were dose-dependent.MOLP also could regulate the gut microbiota diversity significantly and restore the balance of intestinal bacteria.The results indicated that MOLP might inhibit inflammatory response and regulate the diversity,composition and relative abundance of gut microbiota in mice,which could play a positive role in preventing and treating UC. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of Solanum nigrum in treatment of breast cancer based on network pharmacology,molecular docking and in vitro experimental verifcation WEN Xin, HU Jin-hang, CHENG Min, SONG Zhong-xing NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (10): 1782-1793.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.10.015 Abstract （264）      PDF（pc） （3022KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the mechanism of action of Solanum nigrum in the treatment of breast cancer based on network pharmacology and cellular experiments.The TCMSP database,Swiss-Target-Prediction and literature mining were used to collect seven active ingredients of S. nigrum.One hundred and ten target genes related to breast cancer were collected through the GeneCards database,and Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to construct the "drug-active-ingredient-target-disease" network.The potential targets were imported into the STRING 11.5 database to obtain the PPI network,and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on the potential targets using the DAVID Database.Go function enrichment analysis found 694 items.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis found 128 items (P < 0.05),involving cancer,PI3K/AKT,MAPK and other signaling pathways related to S. nigrum. Molecular docking of seven key active ingredients medioresinol,β-carotene,sitosterol,diosgenin,solanocapsine,cholesterol and quercetin from S. nigrum with potential targets AKT1,ESR1,EGFR,SRC,MAPK1,using AutoDock-vina 1.1.2 software.The molecular docking results showed that the predicted key component,diosgenin,showed good binding to the core targets,such as AKT1 and EGFR.The results showed that different concentrations of diosgenin inhibited the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231,and diosgenin regulated the expression of EGFR,AKT1 and p-AKT1 proteins,meanwhile diosgenin also down-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and up-regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax.The above results suggest that the potential mechanism of action of S. nigrum against breast cancer may be related to the regulation of MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and apoptosis,and through two key target genes AKT1 and EGFR. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on compositions and pharmacological activities of essential oil from Chimonanthus Lindl. HE De-ying, XIAO Wei-yi, LI Cheng, ZOU Zheng-rong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1624-1636.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.016 Abstract （255）      PDF（pc） （1502KB）（77）       Knowledge map    Save Chimonanthus Lindl.is a unique traditional medicinal plant in China,with a wide distribution and abundant resources.The essential oil is one of the main active components of the plant,including terpenoids,aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds,which have pharmacological activities such as antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antiviral and cough suppressant.It has good therapeutic effects on diseases such as vascular dementia,acute lung injury and ulcerative colitis.This paper presents a systematic classification of the chemical structures and synthesis pathways of essential oil components of Chimonanthus Lindl.and provides a brief overview of the related biological activities in order to make references for the further development and utilization of Chimonanthus Lindl. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress in chemical composition,pharmacology and toxicity of Areca Semen and prediction and analysis of its quality markers Celimuge, XU Liang NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (8): 1431-1441.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.8.016 Abstract （254）      PDF（pc） （1421KB）（31）       Knowledge map    Save Arecae Semen is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine in China,and is listed as the first of the four southern medicines.Areca nut is also a chewing hobby,which has a wide range of pharmacological activities and toxicity.In recent years,domestic and foreign scholars have gradually deepened their research on Arecae Semen.There are many types of chemical components in Arecae Semen,which have a variety of pharmacological effects.Based on the summary of its chemical components,pharmacological effects,toxic effects,clinical applications,and consumption,this paper analyzes the specific chemical components,measurable components,traditional medicinal efficacy,the impact of processing on chemical components The blood components were used to predict and analyze the quality markers of Arecae Semen,and the preferred and alternative components of Arecae Semen quality markers were screened.It provides reference for establishing quality control and evaluation system of Arecae Semen. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Asari Radix et Rhizoma and predictive analysis of its quality marker ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Hong, LI Ning, CHEN Juan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (10): 1794-1807.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.10.016 Abstract （240）      PDF（pc） （1374KB）（57）       Knowledge map    Save Asari Radix et Rhizoma (ARR) is the dried roots and rhizomes of Asarum heterotropoides Fr.Schmidt var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag., Asarum sieboldii Miq.var. seoulense Nakai or Asarum sieboldii Miq.in the Aristolochiaceae plants,it mainly contains volatile oils,lignans,flavonoids,polysaccharides and other chemical components.Modern pharmacological and clinical studies have shown that ARR has many pharmacological activities,such as analgesic and anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antibacterial,antitussive,antiasthmatic,antidepressant responses,tumor suppression,blood suppression.It has been used for the treatment of diseases such as anemofrigid cold,rheumatic arthralgia,multiple pain and phlegm and cough.Based on a summary of the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of ARR,combining with the research actuality,the quality marker (Q-Marker) was predicted from the aspects of kinship,characteristic composition,effectiveness,pharmacokinetics,chemical composition measuability and compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine.It was predicted that aristolochic acid Ⅳa,methyl eugenol,safrole,L-asarbon,L-sesamin,2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol,trimethoxy toluene,1,8-cineulin,β-asarbon,kakuol,caribine,kaempferol and etc.could be used as the candidate compounds for the quality markers of ARR,in order to provide a reference for the establishment of quality standard,in-depth study and comprehensive utilization of ARR. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Antidepressant effect of essential oil from Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.on lipopolysaccharide-induced depression model mice QIN Tian-tian, HU Jing-wen, ZENG Jiu-seng, LIU Rong, ZENG Nan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1480-1485.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.002 Abstract （233）      PDF（pc） （1014KB）（59）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the antidepressant effect and possible mechanism of essential oil from Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.(EOST) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive behaviors and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway.In this study,the mice model with depression was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS,and drug treated mice were intragastrically administered with EOST or fluoxetine.Sucrose preference test and splash test (ST) were performed at the end of the experiment.Interleukin 18 (IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),Nissl staining was used for observation of the changes of neurons in the hippocampus CA3 area of mice.The relative protein expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome were detected by Western blot.The results showed that EOST 100,50 mg/kg significantly increased the preference of sugar water,prolong the grooming time of ST in mice,which demonstrated significant antidepressant-like behavioral effects.Additionally,it also reversed the upregulated IL-18 and TNF-α content in the serum of model mice,increased the mean IOD of Nissl bodies in the hippocampal CA3 region,down-regulated the expression levels of NLRP3,apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC),cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1),and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1).EOST could combat the depression-like behaviors in depression model mice induced by LPS,which might be related to inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and microglia,so as to alleviate neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Regulatory effect of icariin on the microglia phenotypic transformation in depression model CAO Li-hua, GAO Song, WANG Xiao-yu, WANG Zhen-zhen, HE Hong-juan, LI Na, BAI Ming, MIAO Ming-san NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (2): 187-195.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.2.001 Abstract （220）      PDF（pc） （1659KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to explore the antidepressant mechanism of icariin.Mice (SPF,KM) were randomly divided into five groups,including the control group,model group,fluoxetine hydrochloride group,high-dose icariin group,and low-dose icariin group.Mice were subjected to different stressors for 56 days except control group mice.Meanwhile,groups of mice were intragastrically administered fluoxetine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg),high-dose icariin (50 mg/kg),low-dose icariin (25 mg/kg) or a vehicle once per day for 56 consecutive days.On the 53 th-56 th day after administration,behavioral tests were performed.At the end of the treatment,blood was collected using cardiac puncture under anesthesia.ELISA was used to detect interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-10,5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT),dopamine (DA),and norepinephrine (NE) level.The expression of IL-6,IL-10,inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and cluster of differentiation 206(CD206) mRNA in brain tissue were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR).Western blot was used to detect the expression of iNOS and CD206 protein in brain tissue.BV-2 cells were cultured in vitro,and CCK-8 method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of icariin.After the exposure of BV-2 cells to lipopolysaccharide（LPS） (100 μg/mL) and icariin (15,25 μg/mL) for 24 h.The expression of iNOS and CD206 mRNA in brain tissue were detected using immunofluorescence.We found that the model of depression caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress was successful.Icariin reduced the level of IL-6 and the expression of IL-6,iNOS mRNA in the brain tissue of depression mice,increased the level of IL-10,5-HT,DA,NE and the expression of IL-10,CD206 mRNA,inhibited the brain iNOS protein and increase the expression of CD206 protein,and improved depression-like behavior in model mice.The results of in vitro studies show that icariin could reduce the expression of iNOS and protein in BV-2 cells stimulated by LPS,and increased the expression of CD206 and protein.The results show that icariin inhibits the M1 phenotype transformation of microglia and promotes the M2 phenotype transformation,thereby improving the depression-like behavior of model mice. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the key components of total flavonoids from Lamiophlomis Herba in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on spectrum-effect relationship and component knockout NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (11): 1833-1841.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.11.001 Abstract （219）      PDF（pc） （1153KB）（10）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to explore the key components of total flavonoids from Lamiophlomis Herba(LH) against rheumatoid arthritis (RA),which can elucidate the active components of LH against RA.In this work,the fingerprint of 13 batches of the total flavonoids from LH was established,including eight common peaks,of which three were identified.Based on the effect of 13 batches of total flavonoids from LH on the activity of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS),the spectrum-effect relationship was established for the anti-RA effect of total flavonoids from LH.The results showed that luteoloside and luteolin were key components of total flavonoids from LH against RA.Then,the component knockout technique was used to investigate the anti-RA efficacy of the luteoloside component in the total flavonoids from LH,and the effects of luteoloside and luteolin on FLS cell viability were compared.The results showed that luteoloside and luteolin could significantly inhibit FLS cell viability (P<0.01),and there was no significant difference between their inhibition rates. Because the HPLC spectrum of total flavonoids form LH showed that the content of luteoloside was higher than that of luteolin,luteoloside is a key component of total flavonoids from LH against RA.This work can provide a certain reference for the clinical application of LH in the treatment of RA. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on the anti-colorectal cancer effect of traditional Chinese medicine monomer LIN Hao, DAI Wei-hong, LIU Chang-jiang, WANG Xian-wei NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1637-1649.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.017 Abstract （217）      PDF（pc） （1312KB）（52）       Knowledge map    Save Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor in the digestive tract and the incidence and lethality are increasing year by year,which seriously threatens the safety of human life.Although a variety of chemotherapy agents have been extensively utilized in clinical settings,the potential adverse effects and drug resistance give rise to poor patient compliance,which leads to the failure of chemotherapy.In view of this,it is urgent to excavate effective and low toxicity anti colorectal cancer agents to respond the reality of clinical treatment dilemma.Monomer components,as the main effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine,have prominent advantages in clinical anti colorectal cancer.Compared with synthetic chemicals,it has abundant sources and excellent safety,which possess great potential in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.From the perspective of chemical substances,we herein systematically reviewed the anti-colorectal cancer effects and main molecular mechanisms of monomer components in traditional Chinese medicine,and preliminarily discussed the related research of treating colorectal cancer in combination with the current research status,so as to provide theoretical value for the research and clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine mononer in treating colorectal cancer. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Metabolomics-based analysis on the differences in antioxidant components from callus of Lycium barbarum L. ZENG Xiao-qian, ZHOU Xiao-ru, LIU Chun-huan, LIU Xue, YANG Cheng NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1495-1504.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.004 Abstract （209）      PDF（pc） （1862KB）（61）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of different plant growth regulator combinations on the enrichment of antioxidant components in Lycium barbarum L. callus were investigated by non-targeted metabolomics technique.The sterile stem segments of L. barbarum was used as explant,and 0.25 mg/L naphthylacetic acid+ 0.125 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (NB) or 0.25 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid+ 0.125 mg/L kinetin (DK) were used as plant growth regulators for callus culture.The antioxidant activity of different callus was detected by DPPH free radical scavenging method.The antioxidant activity of NB was 1.9 times that of DK at the same concentration.Based on the metabolomics technology of UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS,a total of 752 metabolites were identified in two groups of samples,of which 55 had significant differences in relative content,mainly amino acids and carbohydrates;KEGG analysis revealed that the differential metabolic pathway was mainly the ABC transporter pathway.The functional difference of ABC transporters may be the main reason for the significant difference in antioxidant activity of L. barbarum callus. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Predictive analysis of quality markers of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma volatile oil based on GC-MS fingerprint and network pharmacology WU Jiao-jiao, LIU Dong, ZHANG Li, XIA Jia, YANG Yu, TANG Fei, CHEN Lu, AO Hui NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (8): 1305-1313.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.8.003 Abstract （207）      PDF（pc） （1838KB）（10）       Knowledge map    Save To analyze and predict the potential quality markers of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma volatile oil (AMO) based on fingerprint and network pharmacology,11 batches of AMO was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS),and similarity evaluation,principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were carried out,and the Q-Marker candidate components in the volatile oil were screened.Target collection and network pharmacological analysis were carried out to build a "component-target-pathway" network and predict the Q-Marker of AMO.The fingerprints of AMO were established with similarities greater than 0.990,indicating that consistency in the composition of AMO from different origins and batches.PCA analyses showed a more concentrated distribution of AMO from the Zhejiang,and HCA analyses showed that when the classification distance was 15,four batches of AMO from the Zhejiang region were clustered into one group,indicating that the volatile oil quality of AMO from the Daoji region was more stable.Ten Q-Marker candidates were obtained after GC-MS analysis,19 key targets and 66 pathways were obtained from the network pharmacological analysis,and palmitic acid,β-eudesmol,γ-elemene,elemene and atractylone were the Q-Markers of AMO according to the preliminary prediction,providing a theoretical reference for quality control of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and other Traditional Chinese herbs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the mechanism of Astragali Radix extract in treating hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy based on network pharmacology,molecular docking and experimental validation  SONG Li-ya, LI Li-hua, BI Si-tong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (3): 520-527.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.3.015 Abstract （202）      PDF（pc） （1307KB）（26）       Knowledge map    Save Network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were used to explore the mechanism of Astragali Radix extract in the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) was studied and verified.The main active components and gene targets of Astragali Radix extract were obtained through TCMSP,UniProt,GeneCards and OMIN databases,and HIE related targets were obtained through GeneCards database.The "active ingredient-drug target" network of Astragali Radix extract was constructed using Cytoscape software.PDB and TCMSP databases were used to obtain the molecular structure,and SYBYL-X2.1 software was used to simulate the molecular docking.The rat model was established and the expression of key proteins was detected by Western blot.According to the TCMSP database,a total of 70 active components and 350 related targets of Astragali Radix extract were obtained.After removing repeated targets and gene annotation,120 targets of active components of Astragali Radix extract were obtained.By mapping 120 targets of Astragali Radix extract with the first 242 targets of HIE (correlation score >5),18 potential targets of Astragali Radix extract for HIE were selected.4-Hydroxycinnamic acid,cis-ferulic acid,astrapterocarpan,hederagenin and kumatakenin were found to be the key active ingredients.Eighteen potential targets were input into STRING for protein interaction analysis,and a total of three core targets (degree>30) were found,which were respectively inducible nitric oxide synthase 2(NOS2),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2),superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1).Animal experiments showed that Astragali Radix extract could reduce the expression of NOS2,PTGS2,MAPK4 and CASP8 proteins in the hippocampus of rat models.Through network pharmacological analysis and experimental verification,it is concluded that Astragali Radix extract can inhibit neuronal apoptosis and protect nerve cells through multi-target and multi-pathway. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanisms of caffeoylquinic acids from Erigeron breviscapus in delaying aging through regulating the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway PU Yuan-zhu, CHEN Hai-feng, SU Can NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (5): 737-747.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.5.001 Abstract （197）      PDF（pc） （2222KB）（24）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the anti-aging effect of caffeoylquinic acid from Erigeron breviscapus (EBCQA),and explore its underlying mechanism of action. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as a model to investigate the impact of EBCQA on its lifespan,oxidative and thermal resistance,motility,nuclear translocation of DAF-16,enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),catalase (CAT),and malondialdehyde (MDA) content.The aging rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose,and the effects of EBCQA on its learning and memory ability,thymus and spleen coefficients,the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K),Akt/protein kinase B (Akt),phosphp-Akt (p-Akt),forkhead box class O3a (FOXO3a) and phosphp-FOXO3a (p-FOXO3a) in liver,the enzyme activities of SOD,GSH-Px,CAT,and MDA content in liver and serum were assessed.The results showed that EBCQA was able to extend lifespan of wild-type nematodes,enhance oxidative resistance,thermal resistance,and motility,but it has no significant effects on the lifespan of mutant strains of nematode orthologs of PI3K,Akt,and FoxO3a.Furthermore,EBCQA could promote DAF-16 nuclear translocation,elevate the SOD,GSH-Px,CAT activities and decrease MDA levels in a DAF-16 dependent manner.In D-galactose-induced aging rat,the administration of EBCQA notably improved the learning and memory function,increased thymus and spleen coefficients,reduced the protein expression of PI3K,Akt,p-Akt,p-FoxO3a and MDA content,enhanced SOD,GSH-Px,CAT activities.The above results indicate that EBCQA has an anti-aging effect and the mechanism may be attributed to its potential inhibition of PI3K and Akt activation,reduction of FOXO3a phosphorylation,promotion of FOXO3a nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity,enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity,and inhibition of oxidative stress. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Diversity and biological activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Amomum villosum Lour. in different regions of Yunnan Province  YU Jing, LI Yi-hang, YIN Cui-yun, DENG Zhao-you, TANG De-ying, ZHANG Li-xia NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1540-1553.   Abstract （193）      PDF（pc） （1494KB）（65）       Knowledge map    Save The distribution and population differences of endophytic fungi in Amomum villosum Lour. from Xishuangbanna and Maguan in Yunnan were studied,as well as their antioxidant and antibacterial potentials,in order to provide resources for the acquisition of new naturally active metabolites.Here,we isolated and purified endophytic fungi using plant tissue surface sterilization and identified them through ITS sequence analysis.Meanwhile,the activities of fermented endophytes culture extracts against five strains of bacteria were determined using filtering paper method,and antioxidant activity was evaluated by assessing the total reducing power,including scavenging activites based on DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical.As a result,a total of 77 strains of endophytic fungi were identified from A. villosum distributed in Xishuangbanna and Maguan,including 39 stains isolated from Xishuangbanna A. villosum,and 38 stains isolated from Maguan  A. villosum.The dominant genera in Xishuangbanna A. villosum were Penicillium,Colletotrichum,Xylaria,Daldinia, and Diaporthe,while the dominant genera in Maguan A. villosum were Penicillium, Phanerochaete,Pyrenochaetopsis,Neopestalotiopsis, and Cladosporium.Additionally,the Shannon diversity index,Simpson diversity index,and evenness of endophytic fungi in MaguanA. villosum were higher than those in Xishuangbanna A. villosum,and the Jaccard similarity coefficient between them was 0.222 2.Strains BSR 18,BSR 32,BSR 34,and MSR 15 showed higher antibacterial activity,while strains BSR 10 and BSR 18 had strong antioxidant activity.Our research preliminary discussed the diversity of endophytic fungi form Xaishuangbanna and Maguan,and furthermore screened the activty of endophytic fungi from A. villosum.There were significant differences and affluent diversity among endophytic fungi from A. villosum distributed in Xishuangbanna and Maguan.Therefore,strains with good antibacterial and antioxidant activities could be used as sources of natural active compounds for further study. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of characteristic aroma compounds of black tea with flowery-fruity flavour by HS-SPME-GC-TOF-MS combined with ROAV WANG Jin-yuan, ZHANG Jia-hui, ZHUANG Li-ping, LIN Hong-zheng, FENG Jiao, TIAN Wei-su, CHENG Zhang-shen, HAO Zhi-long NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (12): 2015-2026.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.12.001 Abstract （193）      PDF（pc） （1546KB）（29）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the characteristic aroma compounds of flower and furit scented black tea processed with Yongtai Caicha and Jinmudan(JMD),this study applied headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-TOF-MS) combined with orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and relative odor activity value (ROAV) to analysis aroma compounds of six Yongtai Caicha samples(Y-122,Y-127,Y-128,Y-170,Y-192,Y-193) and a JMD sample.The 82 types of volatile compounds were identified from seven black tea samples,including alcohols,esters,aldehydes,ketones,acids,alkenes,etc.,among which the contents of alcohols,ketones,esters were relatively higher.Twenty-ong characteristic volatile compounds were screened by variable importance in projection (VIP>1,P<0.05),further more,13 characteristic aroma compounds were selected (VIP>1,ROAV>1.00) combined with ROAV.Nerolidol,phenylethyl alcohol and 3-hexenyl hexanoate were the characteristic aroma compounds of the fruity and floral aroma in JMD black tea.Methyl salicylate was the characteristic aroma compounds of the almond aroma in Y-122,while linalool was the characteristic aroma compound of the fragrant floral with fruity aroma in Y-127,γ-nonanolide and α-farnesene were the characteristics aroma compound of the clear floral with fruity aroma in Y-192.Overall,there were differences in the characteristic aroma compounds of seven black tea samples.Linalool,methyl salicylate,γ-nonanolide and α-farnesene with floral-fruity characteristics are the crucial aroma compounds of Yongtai Chacai black tea,which provides reference for germplasm resources mining and quality control of special flavor black tea. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress of natural active ingredients against Alzheimer′s disease based on target mechanisms HUANG Dan-rong, CHENG Ya-min, FENG Zi-han, SHEN Gang-yi  NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (10): 1808-1819.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.10.017 Abstract （191）      PDF（pc） （1258KB）（21）       Knowledge map    Save Alzheimer′s disease (AD),a neurodegenerative disease with a significant increase in prevalence with age and mortality,has become the global public health and social problem.The pathogenesis of AD is complex,involving multiple pathological processes.Natural products which contain rich and diverse active ingredients,have become the source of anti-AD drug discovery and many of them have shown the potential for application.This review summarizes targets of anti-AD natural active ingredients discovered in recent years based on the hypothesis of AD pathogenesis,hoping to provide reference for the development of anti-AD drugs in future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the extraction of polyphenols from Camellia oleifera leaves and its inhibitory effect on common plant pathogenic fungi XIE Shui-xiang, LEI Cai-yan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1562-1568.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.010 Abstract （186）      PDF（pc） （1155KB）（57）       Knowledge map    Save At present,there are very few reports on the inhibitory effect of Camellia oleifera polyphenols on plant pathogenic fungi.In this paper,the best extraction method of polyphenols was determined by analyzing the extraction rate of polyphenols in C. oleifera leaves at different conditions,and the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of polyphenols on common plant pathogenic fungi were analyzed and the bacteriostatic mechanism was studied.The results showed that after a liquid to material ratio of 1∶30,ethanol concentration of 60%,and ultrasonic treatment for 60 minutes,the extraction rate of polyphenols was the highest,reaching 14.01%.The addition of 0.80 g β-cyclodextrin in 1.0 g leaves could increase the extraction rate to 22.92%.The polyphenols at concentration of 10% had a certain inhibitory effect on Curvularia lunata,Fusarium pseudograminearum,Alternaria alternata,Corynespora cassiicola,Verticillium dahliae,Botryosphaeria dothidea and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. momdicae.The inhibition rate to Verticillium dahliae was the highest,which was 78.52%.Polyphenols had great impact on the metabolic process of soluble proteins in plant pathogenic fungic,which is a self-regulation mode of plant pathogenic fungic in adapting to chemical stress.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive development of C. oleifera and the green prevention and control of plant diseases. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Predictive analysis of Eucommia ulmoides quality markers based on HPLC fingerprint and network pharmacology ZENG Mei, WANG Zhao-hui, WANG Zhi-hui, LONG Yu-qin, ZENG Juan, ZHOU Xin-ru, ZHOU Ri-bao, LIU Xiang-dan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (8): 1283-1296.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.8.001 Abstract （181）      PDF（pc） （3700KB）（10）       Knowledge map    Save The potential mass markers of Eucommia ulmoides were predicted by establishing an HPLC fingerprint analysis method for different parts of E. ulmoides combined with network pharmacology.Based on the theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) quality markers (Q-Marker) combined with fingerprint mapping and network pharmacology for primary prediction analysis of Q-Marker of E. ulmoides, 63 batches of samples from different parts of E. ulmoides were evaluated for similarity,along with principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA),respectively;Through network pharmacology to screen the targets and pathways of related ingredients in E. ulmoides,a ‘ingredient target pathway’ network diagram was constructed to predict Q-Marker in E. ulmoides. In this study, we established 63 batches of fingerprints from different parts of E. ulmoides with similarity scores greater than 0.900,which were screened to obtain eight compounds and 173 targets,including 11 core targets including PIK3R1,HRAS,AKT1,EGFR,SRC,and other major pathways involved in ammonia metabolism,cancer pathways,lipids and atherosclerosis,cancer proteoglycans,PI3K Akt signaling pathway,and ovarian steroidogenesis,and constructed component target pathway maps.Chlorogenic acid,rutin and geniposide were predicted to be potential Q-Marker for E. ulmoides leaves,aucubin,geniposidic acid and pinoresinol diglucoside were predicted to be potential Q-Marker for E. ulmoides bark,geniposidic acid,geniposide and aucubin were predicted to be potential Q-Marker for E. ulmoides male flower,chlorogenic acid,geniposidic acid,aucubin were identified as potential Q-Marker for E. ulmoides pods. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of multiple active constituents in different parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg based on UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS CHEN Hai-jie, ZHOU Yong-yi, XUE Jia, ZOU Li-si, WU Nan, YUAN Jia-huan, LIU Xun-hong, CHENG Jian-ming NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (8): 1322-1337.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.8.005 Abstract （181）      PDF（pc） （2284KB）（11）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the differences of 60 multiple active constituents in different parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (THDG),a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of different parts was performed.The content of 60 active constituents in the tubers,stems and leaves of THDG were determined by ultra-fast high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry.The results of content determination showed that the distribution pattern of the total content of 60 active constituents in different parts was leaf > stem > tuber,reaching 14 263,11 583 and 4 603 μg/g,respectively;among them,the distribution pattern of flavonoids,phenolic acids,amino acids and nucleosides in different parts was the same as 60 active constituents,accounting for 55%-97% of the total measured constituents,while tannins and polyphenols were higher in the stem than in the other two parts;principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the samples of different parts were clearly classified with large differences;partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the eight active constituents could be used as indicator constituent markers to distinguish different parts of THDG;the gray correlation results showed that the ranking of different parts of THDG was leaf > stem > tuber,and the quality of the leaf part of THDG was better than the other two parts.The results of this experiment can provide a methodological reference for the rapid identification and quality control of multiple active constituents in different parts of THDG,and also lay the foundation for the rational exploitation of its resources. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis of ethyl acetate extract from Hibisci Mutabilis Folium HUANG Li-lu, XIA Hou-lin, FENG Li-ping, YE Lei, YAN Xin, XIONG Jing, FENG Wu-wen, HU Pan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1528-1539.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.007 Abstract （178）      PDF（pc） （1551KB）（59）       Knowledge map    Save The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethyl acetate extract of Hibisci Mutabilis Folium were studied,and the chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate extract were analyzed and identified.The CCK-8 method was used to determine the effect of different polar extracts of Hibisci Mutabilis Folium on the survival rate of cells.The concentration of different polar extracts of Hibisci Mutabilis Folium was 25-200 μg/mL,which was non-toxic to HaCaT cells,and non-toxic to RAW 264.7 cells.The ethyl acetate extract of Hibisci Mutabilis Folium was able to significantly reduce intracellular ROS content (P<0.001) when H2O2 was used to induce the oxidative stress response of HaCaT cells.LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells were used to establish an inflammation model,and the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6,iNOS and COX-2 was inhibited by real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR.It was found that the ethyl acetate extract of Hibisci Mutabilis Folium had marvelous in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects at the cellular level.The chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract were rapidly analyzed and identified by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS,28 chemical constituents were identified,including ten flavonoids,nine organic acids,two coumarins,two phenols,two nucleosides and three others.Flavonoids and organic acids were the main chemical constituents that formed the basis of their active ingredients.It provides a certain theoretical basis for further research into the pharmacodynamic material basis and the utilization of Hibisci Mutabilis Folium. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Physiological metabolism and gene expressin characteristics of Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright under low phosphorus stress WANG Qing-ting, GENG Xiao-tong, LI Ya-jing, ZHANG Juan, LIU Qing-pu, GONG Hai-yan, LEI Jing-wei, XIE Cai-xia NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1569-1582.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.011 Abstract （172）      PDF（pc） （3435KB）（54）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the physiological changes,steroidal saponins metabolism and gene expression of D. zingiberensis under low phosphorus stress,D. zingiberensis from Nanyang,Henan province was selected to simulate low phosphorus stress.The phosphorus content (total phosphorus,available phosphorus,aluminophosphate,phosphoric acid iron salt,calcium phosphate) and soil acid phosphatase (S-ACP) activities in rhizosphere matrix,root development characteristics (total root length,total projected area,total surface area),peroxidase，superoxide dismutase activities and steroid saponins contents in each tissue were analyzed at different periods.The key period of D. zingiberensis response to low phosphorus stress was determined,and RNA-seq sequencing was used to analyze the gene expression characteristics in roots,leaves and stems of D. zingiberensis.It was found that the content of absorbable phosphorus in rhizosphere matrix of D. zingiberensis was significantly decreased,the activities of antioxidant enzymes (POD,SOD) and soil acid phosphatase (S-ACP) were significantly increased under low phosphorus stress,and root development was inhibited;The synthesis and accumulation of steroidal saponins in D. zingiberensis were obviously affected by low phosphorus stress,and the response characteristics of different parts were different;The early stage of stress is the critical period for D. zingiberensis to respond to the low phosphorus stress;The gene expression of D. zingiberensis in the critical period of low phosphorus stress showed obvious tissue specificity.The gene expression levels and metabolic pathways in different parts of the three treatment groups were analyzed,and 239,211 and 237 differential genes were found from the root,leaf and stem of D. zingiberensis,respectively.It involves many metabolic pathways such as terpenoid skeleton,organic acid and inositol biosynthesis.et al.The above research results indicate that D. zingiberensis responded to the low phosphorus stress by regulating phenotypic traits and physiological metabolic process through changing gene expression level,which provided theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanism of D. zingiberensis response to the low phosphorus stress. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anti-breast cancer mechanism of Alocasia cucullata based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and network pharmacology WANG Peng, CHEN Ya, PENG Lan-chun, ZHENG Qing-zhu, CHEN Ting, PENG Jiang-li, PENG Qiu-xian NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (4): 675-693.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.4.015 Abstract （169）      PDF（pc） （4079KB）（17）       Knowledge map    Save In this study,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology and network pharmacology strategy were used to explore the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of anti-breast cancer of petroleum ether fraction of Alocasia cucullata (EAC).The anti-breast cancer effect and mechanism of EAC in vivo were verified by 4T1 breast cancer tumor-bearing mouse model.Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS data,41 chemical components of EAC were identified,including 11 aromatic compounds,8 terpene compounds,5 alkaloid compounds,4 fatty acid compounds,2 coumarin compounds,and 11 other compounds.Network pharmacology identified 556 potential target proteins for the identified compounds.PPI analysis identified 10 core targets,including MAPK1 and Bcl-2.Enrichment analysis suggested that these core targets might exert anticancer effects through pathways like MAPK and PI3K-Akt,related to cell apoptosis.Molecular docking confirmed the strong binding ability of active components like digitoxigenin with apoptosis-related proteins such as pERK,Bcl-2,and Bax.The results of the anticancer activity study showed that compared to the model group,the tumor growth trend was slower in the low,medium,and high-dose EAC groups.Tumor mass decreased,and the tumor inhibition rate increased gradually.The spleen index showed significant differences in the medium and high-dose EAC groups,while the low-dose EAC group did not show significant effects (P <0.05).HE staining revealed loosely arranged cells with unclear outlines in the tumor tissues of the treated groups.ELISA analysis of mouse serum revealed decreased levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the high and medium-dose EAC groups,as well as in the positive control group treated with 5-fluorouracil.Animal validation experiments demonstrated that EAC,at different concentrations,downregulated the expression of p-ERK protein in the MAPK signaling pathway (P <0.01),with no significant differences observed in the levels of ERK,JNK,p-38,p-JNK,and p-p38 proteins.EAC significantly increased the levels of Bax/Bcl-2 proteins and gene expression in mouse breast cancer tissues.In conclusion,EAC can down-regulate p-ERK protein levels,promote cancer cell apoptosis,and inhibit the growth of 4T1 breast cancer tumors in mice. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Three new sesquiterpenoids from Linderae Radix LI Ye-sheng, BAI Xu-lan, XU Hong-tao, CHOU Gui-xin NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (4): 555-561.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.4.001 Abstract （167）      PDF（pc） （1018KB）（31）       Knowledge map    Save To study the chemical constituents of Linderae Radix,three new compounds,named linderaggredin B1 (1),lindenonic acid A (2),and lindenonic acid B (3),along with one know compound chlorahupetolide K (4) were isolated from the 90% EtOH extract of Linderae Radix by various chromatographic techniques such as silica gel,ODS,Sephadex-LH 20,Pre-HPLC,their structures was elucidated by spectral data analysis.Compound 4 was isolated from Lauraceae plants for the first time. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents from Ephedra intermedia FAN Xi-ling, CAO Yan-gang, JIAO Xin-mian, ZHENG Xiao-ke, FENG Wei-sheng NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (3): 415-422.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.3.005 Abstract （163）      PDF（pc） （683KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save To study the chemical constituents of the herbaceous stems of Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C.A.Mey.Twenty-two compounds were isolated from the 50% aqueous acetone extract of Ephedra intermedia by silica gel,sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,Toyopreal HW-40C column chromatography,as well as semi-preparative HPLC methods.Their structures were identified by spectral analysis as 4-methoxycinnamic acid (1),cinnamic acid (2),ω-hydroxypropioguaiacone (3),threo-8S-7-methoxysyringylglycerol (4),3-(2,4′-dihydroxy-3′,5′-dimethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid (5),8-hydroxy-9-methyl-7-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-propanone (6),3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone (7),2-hydroxyl-1-［4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl(propan-1-one)］ (8),methyl caffeate (9),trans-syringin (10),cis-syringin (11),(4R)-4-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)cyclo-hex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid (12),7-hydroxyterpineol (13),dehydrovomifoliol (14),abscisic acid (15),loliolide (16),(E)-3-(3-hydroxybut-1-enyl)-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dienone (17),3-(3′-hydroxybutyl)-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dienone (18),4-isopropyl benzoic acid (19),p-cymen-7-yl β-D-glucopyranoside (20),acyclic 7-hydroxygeranic acid (21),7,7-dimethylbicyclo［3.1.1］hept-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid (22).And compounds 3-6,8,10-14,17-19,21 and 22 are isolated from this plant for the first time.The results of their anti-asthma activities showed that compounds 11,14 could significantly inhibit the release of β-aminohexosidase. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on UPLC fingerprints and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus LIU Xiao-xia, WEI Cui-jie, FENG Yong-wei, ZHANG Fang-ping, DUAN Zhi-wen, XIE Wen-kai, HE Min-you, LI Zhen-yu NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (1): 1-12.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.1.001 Abstract （163）      PDF（pc） （1396KB）（13）       Knowledge map    Save To provide a reference for improving the quality standard of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus,the ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) fingerprint of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and the contents of six lignans by a method of quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) were established.The fingerprints of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus were established by UPLC and the UPLC fingerprints were analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) with schisantherin A as the internal reference,QAMS was established for the determinations of schisantherin C,schisantherin B,anwuligan,schisandrin A and schisantherin D,and compared with the results of external standard method (ESM) to determine the accuracy of the method.Fifteen common peaks were marked in the fingerprints of 14 batches of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus,seven of which were identified by comparison with reference substance,including protocatechuic acid,schisantherin C,schisantherin A,schisantherin B,anwuligan,schisandrin A,schisantherin D.The fingerprint similarities were above 0.95.Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus can be divided into four categories by HCA and OPLS-DA.The nine components,including peak 1 (protocatechuic acid),peak 2,peak 4,peak 6,peak 7 (schisantherin B),peak 8,peak 9,peak 12,and peak 15,were the main makers of the difference in origin.There was no significant difference between the contents of schisantherin C,schisantherin B,anwuligan,schisantherin A,and schisantherin B determined by QAMS and ESM.The method is simple and reliable,providing a reference for the quality evaluation of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on establishment of protein grading fingerprint of Bombyx Batryticatus and its correlated molecules of geographical origin identification SONG Mei-ying, WANG Li-yong, WANG Qiao-yu, ZHANG Lin-song, XU Wei-dong, TANG Jian, WEN Chong-wei NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1486-1494.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.003 Abstract （162）      PDF（pc） （1581KB）（64）       Knowledge map    Save To establish and compare the total protein fingerprints and the fractional fingerprints of Bombyx Batryticatus from Yunnan and Sichuan,and to discover the differentially expressed protein molecules,and to identify and analyze them by mass spectrum and bioinformatics,to explore the feasibility of its application in geographical origin identification.The total acid-soluble,alkali-soluble,water-soluble and alcohol-soluble proteins of the two kinds of Bombyx mori were extracted,and they were fractional precipitated with acetone.The SDS-PAGE fingerprints of the obtained samples were compared and analyzed.The differential bands were analyzed by LC-MS/MS,and the bioinformatics analysis was conducted after database retrieval.The similarity of the total protein fingerprints of these two kinds of Bombyx Batryticatus was very high,so it is difficult to use for geographical origin identification of this Chinese medicinal material.The fractional fingerprints of these two kinds of Bombyx Batryticatus were relatively different,which is expected to be used for the identification of its geographical origin.According to the difference of fractional fingerprints,273 proteins including chymotrypsin inhibitor,trypsin inhibitor,fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain-containing protein and lipase domain-containing protein were identified.There were significant differences in protein composition and fractional fingerprints between Bombyx Batryticatus from Yunnan and Sichuan,which were expected to be used as molecular basis for geographical origin identification.The construction of fractional fingerprints of alcohol-soluble proteins can provide more abundant information and better resolution.The fractional fingerprint technology has the advantages of simplicity and high resolution,which provides a methodological idea for the identification of other Chinese medicinal materials. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical composition,antioxidant,enzyme inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities of Hedychium flavum flower DING Fu-rong, JIA Xiao-yan, WU Xiang-huan, WU Xia, YANG Nian, LIU Xiong-li, TIAN Min-yi NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (1): 13-25.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.1.002 Abstract （159）      PDF（pc） （1727KB）（15）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition,antioxidant,enzyme inhibitory,and anti-inflammatory activities of Hedychium flavum flower extracts.H. flavum flower water extracts and ethanol extracts were obtained by reflux extraction method.The chemical composition of the extracts was identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS).A total of 58 compounds were identified,including 11 phenols and 18 flavonoids.The extracts showed strong antioxidant activity in the DPPH and ABTS assay and had certain inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase,tyrosinase,acetylcholinesterase,and butyrylcholinesterase.Within the non-toxic dose range (62.5,125,250 μg/mL),the extracts significantly reduced LPS-induced oversecretion of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO and PGE2) and cytokines (TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β) in RAW 264.7 cells.Our study provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of H. flavum flower in the food,pharmaceutical,and cosmetic industries. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on chemical components and pharmacological effects of Polygonati Rhizoma and prediction analysis of quality marker WANG Cheng, YE Ju, HE Xu-guang, TANG Yuan-yuan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (5): 881-899.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.5.017 Abstract （159）      PDF（pc） （2669KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save Polygonati Rhizoma is the rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.,P. cyrtonema Hua or P. kingianum Coll. et Hemsl.in the plants of the Polygonatum Mill. in the Liliaceae family,with a long history of medicinal use,flat nature,sweet taste,spleen,lung,and kidney meridian.It is used for the treatment of lung deficiency and dry cough,weakness of the spleen and stomach,tiredness and fatigue,dry mouth and little food,deficiency of essence and blood,internal heat and thirst. In this paper,we reviewed the chemical components and modern pharmaceuticals,studied rhizoma polygonal odor,predicted and analyzed its quality markers (Q-markers) based on pharmacological activities,pharmacodynamic substances,phytopharmacology,herb compounding,processing and concocting,and network pharmacology.Preliminarily,baicalein,glycyrrhizin,β-sitosteroldiosgenin,5,4′-dihydroxyflavone,3′-methoxy-solo side,neo glycyrrhizin,and polysaccharides of flavonoids were identified as quality markers,which will provide a reference basis for the quality control and the clinical use of the drug. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on chemical components,pharmacological activities,and modern applications of Eucommiae Folium LI Wan-yu, ZHANG Jia-xu, XIE Xing-wen, SHI Xiao-feng NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (5): 900-917.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.5.018 Abstract （156）      PDF（pc） （2133KB）（19）       Knowledge map    Save Eucommiae Folium is a traditional Chinese medicine included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and valued for their potential as a medicinal and edible herb.Modern research has shown that Eucommiae Folium contains various chemical components,including flavonoids,phenolic acids,lignans,and iridoids,which exhibit pharmacological activities such as antioxidation,blood pressure reduction,lipid-lowering,neuroprotection,and bone protection.At present,a large number of drugs,health products,and foods have been developed with Eucommiae Folium as the main drug or raw material,and have been applied in various fields such as medical treatment,chemical industry,and animal husbandry.This review summarizes the chemical components,pharmacological activities,and applications of Eucommiae Folium based on literature searches of domestic and foreign studies over the past 20 years,providing scientific evidence for future research and resource development. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the sesterterpenoids of Dactylospongia elegans from the South China Sea and their anti-inflammatory activities KANG Yong-feng, WU Gai-fang, LI Li, GAN Jian-hong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (8): 1357-1363.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.8.008 Abstract （156）      PDF（pc） （705KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save Solvent extraction,silica column chromatography,ODS column chromatography and HPLC methods were used to isolate and refine compounds from the marine sponge Dactylospongia elegans from the South China Sea.The chemical structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the literature.From the CH2Cl2 extract of D. elegans,eight compounds were isolated and determined as dactylospene F (1),scalarin (2),honulactone A (3),honulactone B (4),honulactone E (5),honulactone F (6),honulactone I (7),honulactone J (8).Compound 1 was a new compound and compounds 2-8 were isolated from D. elegans for the first time.All of the isolates were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity.The results showed that compounds 1,3 and 4 exhibited inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production induced by lipopolysaccharide at 10 μmol/L,with inhibition rate of 65.5%,48.5% and 46.0%,respectively, and showed no cytotoxicity to RAW 264.7 in mouse macrophages. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research status of kinsenoside ZHANG Wen-ting, YANG Min-jing, MEI Yu, WANG Ji-hua NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (2): 348-356.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.2.017 Abstract （155）      PDF（pc） （1097KB）（9）       Knowledge map    Save Kinsenoside,a bioactive glycoside component extracted from the medicinal plant Anoectochilus roxburghii,has been proven to have significant pharmacological effects.This review has collected relevant literature on kinsenoside,especially for the research results published in recent years.After sorting out and analyzing,the research status of kinsenoside is mainly divided into three parts,namely the basic information of kinsenoside,including chemical structure,source species and factors affecting accumulation;summary of methods of separation and extraction,qualitative and quantitative detection,and artificial synthesis of kinsenoside;pharmacological effects of kinsenoside,including anti-hyperglycemia,anti-hyperliposis,hepatoprotection and relieve bone lesions,etc.Considering that the raw material resources of kinsenoside are scarce and the market application is limited due to high labor costs,we believe that by improving the extraction efficiency of kinsenoside in the genus Anoectochilus,developing more plants containing kinsenoside,or the improvement of cultivation efficiency and artificial synthesis technology,and other methods to solve production practice problems.In terms of pharmacological research,we support the use of dose toxicity tests on large primates,the development of targeted therapy strategies to improve the accuracy of treatment,and the precise intervention time points for the use of kinsenoside which lay the foundation for translational application in future clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Optimization of the extraction process of cannabidiol from hemp leaves by response surface methodology and its content distribution in different parts ZHANG Yi-ning, YU Zhi-qi, QU Shi-xu, LIU Tong-ge, ZHANGYu-hong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (3): 369-376.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.3.001 Abstract （154）      PDF（pc） （1164KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method of cannabidiol (CBD) from hemp leaves was studied,and the CBD content in different parts of hemp was analyzed.Firstly,an HPLC analysis method for CBD was established.Meanwhile,the single factor experiment was used to analyze the effects of ultrasonic-assisted extraction power,extraction temperature,extraction time and solid-liquid ratio on the extraction yield of CBD from hemp leaf.Moreover,the Box-Benhnken experimental design was performed by using Design-expert software to determine and verify the optimal ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions of CBD,and detect the CBD content in different parts of hemp.The experimental results showed that the Agilent HC-C18 column (250 mm× 4.6 mm,5 μm),detection wavelength of 220 nm,flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,column temperature of 28 ℃,and mobile phase of 90% methanol with isocratic elution were adopted.Under these conditions,the separation effect and peak type were good,and the results were accurate,reliable and stable.The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:extraction power 320 W,extraction temperature 81 ℃,extraction time 26 min,and solid-to-liquid ratio 1∶22 g/mL.Under these conditions,the average content of CBD was 79.53±0.26 mg/g.Among the kenaf,the CBD content in the tender leaves was the highest,followed by the whole leaf,old leaf,seed and stem,and the CBD content in the root was the lowest.In conclusion,the results showed that the ultrasonic-assisted extraction was an efficient method for the extraction of CBD,and as a natural product resource,CBD has important development and utilization value. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of Gentiana davidii Franch. PENG Jiang-li, WANG Peng, PENG Qiu-xian, LI Juan, LI Shun-xiang NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (10): 1716-1723.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.10.007 Abstract （154）      PDF（pc） （1025KB）（29）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro from Gentiana davidii Franch..The chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of 70% ethanol extract in G. davidii were separated and purified by silica gel,ODS gel,and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatographies.Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties,spectroscopic analysis,as well as comparisons with the data reported in literature.Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as ursolic acid (1),uvaol (2),ursaldehyde (3),28-norurs-12-en-3β-ol (4),oleanolic acid (5),β-amyrin-n-nonyl ether (6),vanillyl glycol (7),β-sitosterol (8),β-daucosterol (9),anemarrhenoside B (10),n-hexacosane (11),n-hentriacontyl alcohol (12),1,5-bis β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-2-(3′,3′-dimethylallyl)benzene (13),2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (14),2,2′-oxybis(1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene) (15).Compounds 7,14 and 15 were first isolated from Gentiana.All the compounds were first isolated from G. davidii. The compounds 1-15 were preliminarily examined for anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Compared with the model group,compounds 1,5 and 9 significantly inhibited the production of NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents from leaves of Rhus chinensis Mill. and their antioxidant activity CHEN Xin, LI Rong-tao, ZENG Jian-guo NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (5): 755-761.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.5.003 Abstract （147）      PDF（pc） （658KB）（22）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the chemical constituents of Rhus chinensis Mill. leaves,fifteen compounds were isolated and purified from 95% ethanol extract of Rhus chinensis Mill. leaves by silica gel column chromatography,Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography.The structure of the compounds was determined based on their physicochemical properties and spectral data.These compounds included 3-hydroxy-5-methylphenol 1-O-β-D-(6′-benzoyl)glucopyranoside (1),p-hydroxyphenylethanol (2),pinoresinol (3),(3S,5R,6S,7E)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (4),syringaresinol (5),phloracetophenone (6),rhusflavone (7),dehydroemitol (8),quercetin (9),ethyl gallate(10),7S,8R-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (11),agathisflavone(12),4,6-dihydroxy-2-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)acetophenone (13),3-hydroxy-5-methylphenol 1-O-β-D-(6′-galloyl)glucopyranoside(14),and debiloside A(15).Compound 1 was a new compound,and compounds 2,4,6,7,8,13 and 15 were isolated from Rhus for the first time.The results of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging experiments showed that compounds 9,10,11 and 14 showed good scavenging activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals,among which compounds 9 and 10 showed the most significant scavenging activities,which were stronger than positive control (Vc). Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）