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Study on chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of the pomace of Siraitia grosvenorii WU Juan-jiang, HUANG Hua-xue, LI Wen-chu, WANG Bin, GONG Li-min, SHENG Wen-bing, JIAN Yu-qing, WANG Wei NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (7): 1124-1134.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.7.003 Abstract （489）      PDF（pc） （843KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save The chemical constituents from the pomace fraction with water extract of Siraitia grosvenorii,and the anti-inflammatory activity in vitro were studied.The chemical constituents from the pomace fraction of Siraitia grosvenorii were isolated with various chromatographic separation techniques,and their structures were determined by entirely analyzing MS and NMR spectrums,there are oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1),oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronyl-6′-ethyl ester (2),(3α)-7-oxomultiflor-8-ene-3,29-diol 3,29-dibenzoate (3),3,29-O-dibenzoyloxykarounidiol (4),isomultiflorenol (5),curcasinlignan B (6),urolignoside (7),diospyrosin (8),evofolin B (9),4′-hydroxyphenyl ethyl vanillate (10),aurantiamide (11),kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside (12),kaempferitrin (13),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (14),kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside-7-O-β-D-xylosyl(1→2)-O-α-L-rhamnoside (15),sagittatin A (16),cucurbita-5,24-diene-3β-ol (17),balsaminol E (18),soya-cerebroside Ⅰ (19),β-sitosterol (20),β-daucosterol (21),7α-hydroxycholesterol (22),2E-4-hydroxy-nonenoic acid (23),vanillain (24),p-hydroxy-benzeneethanol (25),β-hydroxypropiovanillone (26).Compounds 2 and 6-11 were first isolated from Cucurbitaceae and compounds 1,3,4,14-16,18,19 and 22-26 were first isolated from Siraitia.Compounds 1-26 were preliminarily examined for anti-inflammatory activity in vitro,compounds 4,5,7,13,19 and 21 suppressed the production of TNF-α,compounds 13 and 21 both inhibited the production of IL-1β and IL-6,compounds 7,19 and 22 inhibited the production of IL-1β,compound 5 inhibited the production of IL-6. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification of UPLC characteristics spectrum of four original plants of Rabdosiae Herba XIAO Xiao-ji, QIU Jia-jia, LIU Jun-min, ZHAO Shuang-shuang, GU Jing-feng, WANG De-qin, ZHAN Ruo-ting NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (6): 1038-1048.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.6.013 Abstract （483）      PDF（pc） （1619KB）（4）       Knowledge map    Save The purpose of this paper is to establish the UPLC characteristics spectrum method for the identification of four original plants of Rabdosiae Herba,Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) H.Hara,Rabdosia lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don) H.Hara,Rabdosia lophanthoides var. graciliflora (Benth.) H.Hara and Rabdosia stracheyi (Benth.ex Hook.f.) Hara.The similarity evaluation of characteristic chromatograms,cluster analysis (CA),principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were combined,which was used to study the common components and differential components of four original plants of Rabdosiae Herba.19,24,26 and 21 characteristic peaks were determined from the characteristic chromatograms of R. serra, R.  lophanthoides, R. lophanthoides var. graciliflora and R. stracheyi.In addition to R.serra,the similarity of the samples of the other three original plants was high,but there were some differences in similarity between different original plants.R. serra could be clearly distinguished from the other three original plants by CA and PCA and OPLS-DA could be used to distinguish R. lophanthoides, R. lophanthoides var. graciliflora and R. stracheyi.The UPLC characteristics spectrum established in this study combined with chemometrics comprehensively reflected the chemical composition of four original plants of Rabdosiae Herba,and the method is simple,rapid and specific,which can provide a reference for the identification,quality analysis and evaluation of original plants of Rabdosiae Herba. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Quality difference between Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus and Fritillariae Hupehensis Bulbus based on HPLC-ELSD fingerprints and multi-component quantitative analysis LIANG Yue-yi, LI Zhen-yu, LYU Wei-sheng, LU Xiao-ying, YANG Jie, LIU Xiao-xia, WEI Cui-jie, SUN Dong-mei NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (7): 1101-1111.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.7.001 Abstract （403）      PDF（pc） （1746KB）（6）       Knowledge map    Save The HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (FTB) and Fritillariae Hupehensis Bulbus (FHB) were established to compare the differences between the two herbs combined with multi-component quantitative analysis.The chromatographic column was Waters ACQUITY HSS T3 (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm).The gradient elution was performed at a flow rate of 1.1 mL/min with acetonitrile -0.1% triethylamine solution as the mobile phase.The column temperature was 38 ℃.Evaporative light scattering detection was used.The HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of FTB and FHB were established.The differences between FTB and FHB were compared by chemometrics methods and simultaneous determination of five alkaloid components.The results showed that the fingerprints of FTB had seven common peaks and the fingerprints of FHB had eight peaks.Six peaks were identified,namely yibeissine,peimisine,peimine,peiminine,isofritillarine and hupehenine.Among the above ingredients,hupehenine was the specific component of FHB.Both HCA and PCA could distinguish FTB and FHB well.OPLS-DA found four different markers.The content determination results showed that the content of peimine in FTB was significantly higher than that in FHB,while the contents of peimisine,peiminine and isofritillarine were significantly lower than that in FHB.This method can effectively identify the quality differences between FTB and FHB,and provide reference for their quality control. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on antioxidative property of ergothioneine and its intervention in oxidative stress-related diseases GAO Qing-ying, XU Jian-xiong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (6): 1081-1087.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.6.017 Abstract （365）      PDF（pc） （670KB）（28）       Knowledge map    Save Ergothioneine (ERG) is a kind of sulfur-containing amino acid existing in nature.It has been widely used in food,medicine,cosmetics and other fields in recent years for the reasons that it has strong ability of scavenging free radicals,anti-aging and the characters of natural,safe,non-toxic.As a natural and efficient antioxidant,ergothioneine plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress.This paper reviewed the structure,properties and antioxidant properties,as well as progress in search of the role and mechanism of ergothioneine in the intervention of diseases related to oxidative stress,which provides a reference for the multiple application of ergothioneine. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex in the treatment of gout based on network pharmacology,molecular docking and experimental validation LI Min, LI Li, QUAN Yun-yun, ZENG Jin, ZHAO Jun-ning, MAO Jiu-zhou, GONG Xiao-li, YIN Zhu-jun NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (7): 1235-1246.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.7.015 Abstract （349）      PDF（pc） （2380KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the potential pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PCC) in the treatment of gout by combining network pharmacology prediction,molecular docking validation and experimental validation.The active ingredients and action targets of PCC were obtained through TCMSP databases,gout-related disease targets were obtained from GeneCards,OMIM and TTD databases.The corresponding targets of the active ingredients of PCC were intersected with the gout targets,and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the intersected genes was mapped with the help of STRING platform and Cytoscape 3.9.0 software.The analysis of gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto gene and gene targets (KEGG) pathway enrichment were performed by using String and MetaScape databases and visually presented through the platform of bioinformatics.Furthermore,molecular docking technology was performed to validate the binding pattern and affinity between the key ingredients and the crucial targets by using AutoDock Tools software.A total of 25 active ingredients and 70 potential key targets for the treatment of gout was screened in PCC. The enrichment of GO function and KEGG pathway showed that PCC might positively regulate cell migration,negatively regulate cell differentiation,inflammatory response,positively regulate cell adhesion,protein phosphorylation,DNA transcription and other biological processes.The most crucial biotargets of PCC against gout were protein kinase B1 (AKT1),tumor necrosis factor (TNF),peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ),interleukin-6 (IL-6),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2),and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that PCC possessed anti-gout activity by regulating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway.The molecular docking results showed that the binding energy between the key biotargets and the five potential active components were much less than -5 kcal/mol.In vitro experiments showed that the core chemical components exhibited potent inhibitory effect on the inflammatory response induced by sodium urate crystal.This study initially revealed PCC has a variety of potential anti-gout active components,and its mechanism may be achieved by modulating multiple biotargets and multiple signal transduction pathways. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Quality analysis of Hirudo with different origins and its adulterants LI Guo-wei, QIU Yun-jing, TONG Pei-zhen, HU Qi-ping, DENG Li-ping, YANG Li, SUN Dong-mei NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (6): 997-1006.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.6.009 Abstract （325）      PDF（pc） （1321KB）（9）       Knowledge map    Save HPLC method was used to establish the characteristic chromatogram of Hirudo and the contents of 5 components were determined,which provides a basis for quality evaluation of different origins Hirudo and its adulterants.The Chinese medicine chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation system (2012 version) was used to analyze the results of the characteristic chromatogram.The results showed that there were eight common peaks in 27 batches of Whitmania pigra Whitman and five peaks were identified by comparison with reference substances,respectively,which were uracil,hypoxanthine,xanthine,hirudine C carboxyl derivatives and hirudine B.The SIMCA-P 14.0 software were used for cluster analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) that both of them can distinguish Hirudo of different origins and its adulterants into four different classes.In addition,the content determination results showed that there were some differences in the content of Hirudo with different origins and its adulterants.The average content of uracil and hypoxanthine was in the order of Whitmania pigra Whitman＞Hirudo nipponica Whitman＞Whitmania acranulata Whitman＞Poecilobdella manillensis Lesson;the average content of xanthine was in the order of Whitmania pigra Whitman＞Hirudo nipponica Whitman＞Poecilobdella manillensis Lesson＞Whitmania acranulata Whitman;the average content of hirudine C carboxyl derivatives was in the order of  Whitmania acranulata Whitman＞Whitmania pigra Whitman＞Hirudo nipponica Whitman＞Poecilobdella manillensis Lesson;the average content of hirudine B was in order of Whitmania acranulata Whitman＞Whitmania pigra Whitman＞Hirudo nipponica Whitman＞Poecilobdella manillensis Lesson.The method established in this study can be used as a quality evaluation method for Hirudo with different origins and its adulterants,and provide a reference for the quality evaluation of Whitmania pigra Whitman. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of olibanum in the treatment of acute kidney injury based on network pharmacology and in vitro cell experiment verification BAI Juan, ZHANG Yan, HONG Shu-xia, SHI Jin-ping, XU Li-ting, WANG Fang NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1613-1623.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.015 Abstract （324）      PDF（pc） （2101KB）（117）       Knowledge map    Save To study the mechanism of olibanum on acute kidney injury (AKI) based on network pharmacology,and establish an in vitro model of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) according to the results.To search 223 drug targets through the TCMSP database and the Swiss Target Prediction database,then using the OMIM,DisGeNet,DrugBank and GeneCards database to collect 1 245 disease targets,72 drug-disease targets were obtained through the Venn diagram tool.Protein interaction PPI network was constructed by String database;GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed using DAVID database;Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct the network diagram;Molecular docking was performed by Autodock.Involving Toll-like receptor、TNF、NF-kappa B and other signaling pathways.Based on this,the proliferation of HK-2 was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method,and the grouping was determined.The rate of cell apoptosis was detected by Hoechst33258 fluorescent staining,and the quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression of MAPK3 and PPARG mRNA.The experimental results showed that in CCK-8 experiment,compared with the model group,the cell viability in low,medium and high dose groups decreased gradually (P <0.05);Hoechst33258 experiment,ELISA experiment and Q-PCR experiment,compared with the model group,the cell apoptosis rate,the capacity of cellular inflammatory factors and the molecular weight and mRNA expression of MAPK3 and PPARG protein decreased significantly (P <0.05).In conclusion,olibanum has the characteristics of multi-target and multi-pathway,which provides a basis for the clinical application of this drug. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on HPLC fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition of triterpenoids in Poriae Cutis and White Poria ZHAN Hui-hui, DING Chan, PENG Si-yuan, LIU Yuan, MENG Jun-hua, XIAO Zuo-wei, CUI Pei-wu NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1469-1479.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.001 Abstract （286）      PDF（pc） （1323KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Save In this study,HPLC analysis combined with chemical pattern recognition was employed to establish the HPLC fingerprint related to triterpenoids in Poriae Cutis and White Poria,which can provide a reference for quality control and standard establishment of decoction pieces derived from mycomedicine Poria cocos.HPLC method was adopted and performed on an Agilent 5 TC-C18 (2) column (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile and 0.3% phosphoric acid solution,and gradient elution procedure was employed with the flow rate setting at 1.0 mL/min.The column temperature was set at 25 °C,the detection wavelength was set at 242 and 203 nm,and the injection volume was 10 μL,respectively.To establish the HPLC fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition of Poriae Cutis and White Poria,cluster analysis (CA),principal component analysis (PCA) and similarity evaluation were adopted to process the experimental data,the similarity and difference of Poriae Cutis and White Poria samples were analyzed subsequently.Finally,the key chromatographic peaks representing triterpenoids were pointed out from the established HPLC fingerprint.Among the common chemical components showed in the chromatograms,six peaks related to poricoic acid B (peak 2),dehydrotumulosic acid (peak 3),poricoic acid A (peak 4),dehydropachymic acid (peak 9),pachymic acid (peak 10),and dehydrotrametenolic acid (peak 10) were indentified,respectively.The similarity of tested decoction pieces from the same part of P. cocos sclerotium were all above 0.90.According to CA and PCA data,all the decoction pieces analyzed in this study can be divided into two groups representing different medicinal parts of P. cocos sclerotium.Seven common chromatographic peaks including peak 3 (dehydrotumulosic acid),peak 5,peak 6,peak 8,peak 9 (dehydropachymic acid),peak 10 (pachymic acid) and peak 11 were essential for the quality evaluation of Poriae Cutis and White Poria,the other eight chromatographic peaks including peak 1,peak 2 (poricoic acid B),peak 4 (poricoic acid A),peak 7,peak 12 (dehydrotrametenolic acid) and peaks 13 to 15 could be used as the characteristic identification peaks for evaluating the quality of Poriae Cutis according to the loading scatter analysis of PCA data.The characteristic difference deduced from the 15 common chromatographic peaks of White Poria samples was smaller than that of Poriae Cutis samples.The established HPLC fingerprint of Poriae Cutis and White Poria combined with chemical pattern recognition can provide a scientific reference for the quality control and evaluation of samples or products derived from P. cocos . Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on chemical constituents,pharmacological activities and quality control methods of Clerodendranthus spicatus ZHAO Yu-hui, XIANG Cheng, XU Tian-rui, HAO Qian NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (7): 1247-1264.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.7.016 Abstract （279）      PDF（pc） （2224KB）（3）       Knowledge map    Save As a well-known national medicine,Clerodendranthus spicatus has a long history medicinal in our country.It is rich in flavonoids,phenylpropanoids and terpenoids and other chemical components,with heat-clearing and dampness-removing,stone-removing diuresis,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant and antibacterial and other pharmacological activities,the authenticity of kidney tea is very important to the efficacy.This paper reviews the chemical composition,pharmacological activity and quality control methods of C. spicatus,in order to provide reference for the further study of the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of kidney tea and the detection of the quality of C. spicatus. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Optimization of fermentation process of paraherquamide A by response surface methodology CHEN Xiao-na, PENG Jia-fei, WANG Pin-mei, XU Jin-zhong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (6): 1049-1057.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.6.014 Abstract （257）      PDF（pc） （1168KB）（22）       Knowledge map    Save Paraherquamide A(PA) is an important raw material for the new anthelmintic drug Startect®,and its low yield limits the promotion and use of the drug.Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the fermentation process of wild Penicillium sp.KWF31 to produce PA.Eight factors of the medium were screened by Plackett-Burman test design.Among them,the dosages of soluble starch,glucose and yeast extract were found to be the key factors.The optimal concentration ranges of the three factors were examined by the steepest ascent path and the Box-Behnken design as 31.0 g/L soluble starch,12.8 g/L glucose and 14.5 g/L yeast extract,respectively.Under the optimal condition,the maximum titer of PA approached 243.7 mg/L,which was close to the theoretical value of 241.6 mg/L,and 3.4 times of the initial. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents of Senecio scandens and their anti-tobacco mosaic virus activity FU Tao, LI Ya-li, ZHANG Wei, WU Jiang-mei, LIU Yang, LUO Xin-xiang, YAN Xiao-hui, HU Shi-jun NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1554-1561.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.009 Abstract （257）      PDF（pc） （778KB）（47）       Knowledge map    Save In order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new plant virus inhibitors,the chemical components of Senecio scandens and its activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were determined.The chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate extract from the aboveground part of S. scandens were separated by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,MCI and other column chromatography methods,and its structures were identified by NMR and MS data.The inhibitory activity of the compound against TMV was screened by the half-leaf spot method in vivo.Thirteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of S. scandens. According to their physicochemical properties and spectral data,they were identified as 9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3-one (1),7β-methoxystigmast-5-en-3β-ol (2),dotriacontane (3),ursolic acid (4),stigmasterol (5),(22E)-ergosta-6,22-diene-3β,5β,8α-triol (6),kaempferol (7),indole-3-carboxaldehyde (8),nepetin (9),quetrcetin (10),taxifolin (11),jacaranone (12),phytol (13).Except compound 7 and compound 10,the other compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.The results showed that compound 8 and compound 13 had strong anti-TMV activity. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Isolation and purification of Qi-Gui polysaccharides and their in vitro inhibitory activity on tumor cell proliferation LIU Wen-juan, MA Shan-bo, LU Wen-fei, CUI Dong-xiao, XU Ding-qiao, YUE Shi-jun, CAO Wei, TANG Yu-ping NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (10): 1651-1658.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.10.001 Abstract （257）      PDF（pc） （1607KB）（39）       Knowledge map    Save Astragali Radix-Angelica Sinensis Radix (Qi-Gui herb pair) has long been used as a classic herb pair for tonifying qi and nourishing blood.Polysaccharide is one of its major active ingredients.Two of the Qi-Gui polysaccharides named AAPS-1a and AAPS-3a,significantly inhibited the proliferation of human colon cancer cells HCT116 and human lung carcinoma cells A549,with IC50 of (47.59±1.3) μg/mL,(18.33±2.5) μg/mL for HCT116 cells,and IC50 of (52.12±1.1) μg/mL,(170.21±2.3) μg/mL for A549 cells.Furthermore,AAPS-1a and AAPS-3a induced apoptosis in HCT116 and A549 cells.The apoptotic rate of the HCT116 cells were 31.4%,46.5% respectively and the apoptotic rate of the A549 cells were 19.3% and 33.0% separately.Structural analysis showed that AAPS-1a and AAPS-3a were homogeneous polysaccharides with molecular weights of 7.3×105 and 8.5×104 Da,respectively.Our study found two homogeneous Qi-Gui polysaccharides with significant anti-tumor activity in vitro,which provide experimental basis for clarifying the anti-tumor structure of polysaccharides in Qi-Gui herb pair. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Quality analysis of Nymphaeae Flos based on HPLC fingerprint and QAMS ZUO Di-jun, LI Chen-yang, YANG Jun, XU fang, ZHAO Jun NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (7): 1112-1123.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.7.002 Abstract （254）      PDF（pc） （1626KB）（5）       Knowledge map    Save To establishthe HPLC fingerprint of Nymphaeae Flos and Quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS) for seven contents.The HPLC fingerprint was established by Phenomenex Gemini NX-C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The column temperature was 30 ℃.The detection wavelength were 266 nm. The data were studied by Similarity analysis,cluster analysis and principal component analysis.Gallic acid was used as an internal standard to calculate the relative correction factors of the other six constituents.A total of eleven common peaks were identified and seven components were identified for the analysis of 17 batches of Nymphaeae Flos.The similarity of 17 batches of samples was greater than 0.9.The HPLC similarity of two commercial samples and S16 was 0.568 and 0.730,which the results show that commercial Nymphaeae Flos were different from cultivated and wild Nymphaeae Flos.Principal component analysis,cluster analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were confirmed this conclusion.With gallic acid was the reference,the relative correction factors of methyl gallate,isostrictiniin,geraniin,ellagic acid,nicotiflorin,pentagalloylglucose were 0.965 0,0.974 0,1.201 3,0.175 4,1.160 3 and 2.117 3,RSD were 0.37%,0.38%,0.32%,1.76%,0.37% and 0.08% (n = 8).At the same time,the result obtained by QAMS approximated those obtained by external standard method (ESM).The established fingerprint and QAMS content determination method of Nymphaeae Flos were feasible and provide a reference for the improvement of the quality control method of Nymphaeae Flos. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical composition analysis of mango kernels by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS WU Jun-ying, ZHANG Wu-gang, LANG Yi-fan, HUANG Zhi-chao, YANG Wu-liang, YANG Jie , CHEN Hai-fang NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (6): 949-965.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.6.004 Abstract （253）      PDF（pc） （1564KB）（11）       Knowledge map    Save To systematically investigate the chemical constituents of mango kernels,ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was analyzed in this study.Electrospray ion source (ESI) was adopted to collect the data in negative ion mode.A total 135 compounds were identified according to analyze the mass data from the references and related literatures,including 47 berberine-type alkaloids,47 flavonoids,30 organic acids and three coumarins,eight iridoid glycosides.Seventeen compounds were identified in this genus for the first time.Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology to analyze the chemical constituents of mango kernels,which will provide a significant basis for the subsequent study of material basis and clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of active ingredients from Scutellaria Radix on alcoholic liver disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking and effect verification YE Jing-rong, LIU Rui, CHENG Cheng, ZHANG Feng-ying, YANG Xue NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1602-1612.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.014 Abstract （245）      PDF（pc） （2851KB）（69）       Knowledge map    Save Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were adopted to explore the possible mechanism of Scutellaria Radix in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.The therapeutic effect of active ingredient of Scutellaria Radix on alcoholic liver disease was verified by cell experiment in vitro.The effective components and targets of Scutellaria Radix were retrieved from TCMSP,Swiss ADME and Swiss Target Prediction databases;The disease targets related to alcoholic liver disease were retrieved from GeneCards,OMIM,DisGeNET,TTD and PharmGKB databases;Using String database to build target interaction network;Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were conducted for key targets through metascape database.The "active ingredient target pathway" interaction network of Scutellaria Radix for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease was constructed by using Cytoscape 3.8.0 software,and the active ingredient and key target of Scutellaria Radix were screened for molecular docking.Based on the results of network pharmacology and molecular docking,the prediction results were preliminarily verified by cell experiments in vitro.A total of 27 active components of Scutellaria Radix were obtained after ADME screening,and these 27 active components could play a therapeutic role in alcoholic liver disease through 257 gene targets,among which the key core targets are SRC,AKT1,PIK3R1,STAT3,PIK3CA,etc.The enrichment analysis of KEGG signal pathway showed that the main signal pathways of Scutellaria Radix in treating alcoholic liver disease included cancer pathway,PI3K Akt signal pathway,lipid and atherosclerosis,chemical carcinogenic reactive oxygen species,prostate cancer,etc;Molecular docking results suggest that Alpinetin may be one of the key effective ingredients of Scutellaria Radix in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease;In vitro cell experiments proved that Alpinetin could significantly improve the alcoholic injury of rat liver cells BRL3A.Through the results of network pharmacology,molecular docking technology and cell experiment,it can be analyzed and inferred that Scutellaria Radix can play a role in the prevention and treatment of alcoholic liver disease through multi-component and multi target methods.As a key active ingredient,Alpinetin can provide basis and reference for further development of drugs related to the treatment of alcoholic liver injury by using Scutellaria Radix. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation of free amino acids in mulberry leaves from different producing areas and varieties CHEN Shuang, YAO Huan, YUAN Lin, WU Ying-mei, LI Jin-jin, YANG Wen-wu, LIU Di-di, ZHOU Nong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (6): 938-948.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.6.003 Abstract （243）      PDF（pc） （992KB）（6）       Knowledge map    Save To study the composition and content of free amino acids in the water extracts of three varieties from 17 different origins of mulberry leaves in Chongqing,providing theoretical basis for the development and utilization of mulberry leaves in this region.Leaves of Morus alba L.,M. cathayana Hemsl. and M. austalis Poi.from different origins were used as raw materials,the water extract was obtained by simulating mulberry leaf tea brewing method.The content of free amino acids was determined by HPLC fluorescence method and taste activity value (TAV) of 18 kinds of free amino acids was calculated.Then,the nutritional components and flavor characteristics of mulberry leaves were comprehensively evaluated by correlation analysis,principal component analysis,cluster analysis,etc.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the types of amino acids in mulberry leaves from different varieties and origins,but the content of amino acids were obvious differences.The highest content of total amino acids,essential amino acids,semi-essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids were 1 927.33 mg/100 g,322.6 mg/100 g,46.17 mg/100 g and 1 558.56 mg/100 g,respectively.Moreover,the taste characteristics of amino acids from mulberry leaves were as follows:sweet amino acids > umami amino acids > bitter amino acids.The 17 samples were divided into two categories by cluster analysis and the results showed that the samples of M. austalis Poi.(S15) and M. cathayana Hemsl.(S7) from Anlan Town in Banan District of Chongqing have high quality of amino acids.In summary,mulberry leaves are rich in amino acids and have high nutritional value,which can be used to develop amino acids functional foods. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents from Mongolian medicine Inulae Radix MAO Ting, MAO Le, ZHANG Ping, GAO Bai-qing, ZHANG Yong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (6): 973-980.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.6.006 Abstract （243）      PDF（pc） （524KB）（15）       Knowledge map    Save To study the chemical constituents from the roots of the Mongolian medicine Inulae Radix.The compounds were separated and purified by RP-HPLC and silver nitrate silica gel chromatography,and the structures of the compounds were identified by applying NMR and MS spectroscopy.Twenty-two monomeric compounds were isolated and identified as follows:5α,6α-dihydroxy-eudesma-11(13)-dien-12,8β-olide(1),4α-hydroxy-5-methoxy-5,8α-dimethyl-3-methylenedecahydronaphtho［2,3-b］furan-2-one (2),1(10),4(5),11(13)-germa-cradiene-8,12-olide (3),alantolactone (4),isoalantolactone (5),11,13-dihydro-5(6)-dine-alantolactone (6),alloalantolactone (7),4α,5β-epoxy-1(10),11(13)-germacra-dien-12,8α-olide (8),sseptuplinolide (9),8-epi-ivangustin (10),santamarine (11),racemosalactone A (12),3-oxo-eudesma-4(11)-dien-12,8β-olide (13),telekin (14),igalane (15),macrophyllilactone E (16),4α,15-epoxy-isoalantolactone (17),11,13-dihydroxy-alantolactone (18),1(2),4(15),11(3)-eudesma-trien-12,8β-olide (19),linolenic (20),linoleic acid (21),oleic acid (22).Compound 1 was a new sesquiterpenoes.Compounds 2,3,9-14,17,19-22 were isolated from genus Inula for the first time.Compounds 4-8,15,16,18 have been reported from Inulae Radix. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Protective effects and mechanism of Moringa oleifera leaf polysaccharide on ulcerative colitis in mice Hosameldeen Mohamed Husien, PENG Wei-long, LIU Ming-jiang, BO Ruo-nan, LI Jin-gui NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (10): 1659-1668.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.10.002 Abstract （242）      PDF（pc） （1469KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of Moringa oleifera leaf polysaccharide (MOLP) on ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS).50 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal Con group,DSS group,MOLP-L(25 mg/kg) group,MOLF-M (50 mg/kg) group,and MOLF-H(100 mg/kg) group.Mice were induced UC by drinking 4% DSS.During the experiment,the general condition and body weight of mice were recorded daily,and the changes in disease activity index (DAI) were observed;ELISA was used to measure the contents of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-10,HMGB1 in serum and MPO in colon tissue;HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphological damage of colon tissues;qPCR was used to detect TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-10 and HMGB1 mRNA expression levels in colon tissues;Western blot was used to measure TLR4,MyD88,P65,p-P65,IκBα and p-IκBα expression in colon tissues;16S rRNA was showed the changes of intestinal microflora in mice.Compared with the Con group,mice in the DSS group had decreased general condition,weight loss,colon length was shortened,DAI and pathological section damage scores were significantly increased (P<0.001),TNF-α,IL-1β,HMGB1 content and MPO activity were significantly increased (P<0.001),TLR4,MyD88,colon tissue.The protein expression levels of p-P65 and p-IκBα were significantly upregulated (P<0.001);Compared with the DSS group,the condition of mice in the different doses of MOLP treatment group was significantly improved,and significantly increased IL-10 expression,the results were dose-dependent.MOLP also could regulate the gut microbiota diversity significantly and restore the balance of intestinal bacteria.The results indicated that MOLP might inhibit inflammatory response and regulate the diversity,composition and relative abundance of gut microbiota in mice,which could play a positive role in preventing and treating UC. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on compositions and pharmacological activities of essential oil from Chimonanthus Lindl. HE De-ying, XIAO Wei-yi, LI Cheng, ZOU Zheng-rong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1624-1636.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.016 Abstract （237）      PDF（pc） （1502KB）（68）       Knowledge map    Save Chimonanthus Lindl.is a unique traditional medicinal plant in China,with a wide distribution and abundant resources.The essential oil is one of the main active components of the plant,including terpenoids,aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds,which have pharmacological activities such as antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antiviral and cough suppressant.It has good therapeutic effects on diseases such as vascular dementia,acute lung injury and ulcerative colitis.This paper presents a systematic classification of the chemical structures and synthesis pathways of essential oil components of Chimonanthus Lindl.and provides a brief overview of the related biological activities in order to make references for the further development and utilization of Chimonanthus Lindl. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Optimization of the extraction process of total phenolic acid from Trollii Flos by response surface methodlogy and study on its whitening activity DU Ruo-jun, SHI Zhao-hua, ZHAN Zhi-lai, HU Jun-jie, ZHENG Guo-hua NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (6): 915-924.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.6.001 Abstract （233）      PDF（pc） （2087KB）（24）       Knowledge map    Save Box-Behnken design experiments in response surface analysis were used to optimize the process conditions for the ethanol reflux extraction of total phenolic acid from Trollii Flos,and the scavenging ability of total phenolic acid from Trollii Flos on DPPH radicals and hydroxyl radicals and its inhibitory effect on tyrosinase were also studied.The results showed that the optimum extraction process of total phenolic acid from Trollii Flos was:ethanol concentration 60%,reflux time 90 min,reflux temperature 60 ℃,liquid to solid ratio 40∶1 (mL/g).The yield of total phenolic acid from Trollii Flos under these conditions was 92.245 mg/g.In addition,it had certain scavenging ability to DPPH radicals and hydroxyl radicals,and could significantly inhibit tyrosinase activity.The extract method is stable and reliable,and the total phenolic acid from Trollii Flos has certain in vitro antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibitory effect,which lays the foundation for further scientific and rational development and utilization of Trollii Flos. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of decocting time on chemical composition and anti-fatigue effect of Triphala decoction DENG Xuan, QIU Min, HUANG Hao-zhou, FAN San-hu, ZHANG Ding-kun, LUO Chuan-hong, HAN Li, LIN Jun-zhi NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (7): 1212-1221.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.7.013 Abstract （233）      PDF（pc） （2476KB）（11）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the effect of decocting time on the component transformation and anti-fatigue effect of Triphala decoction.HPLC method was used to track the changes of ingredients in Triphala decoction during decoction.Twelve differential compounds were screened through partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and seven of these were identified as gallic acid,chebulic acid,chebulinic acid,chebulagic acid,ethyl gallate,ellagic acid and corilagin.During the decoction,the contents of chebulinic acid,chebulagic acid,ethyl gallate and ellagic acid all decreased while the gallic acid and chebulic acid increased.Corilagin′s content increased first,then reduced.The anti-fatigue effect of Triphala decoction with different extraction times was then evaluated.The longer the decoction time,the more potent the anti-fatigue effect was,according to the results of swimming time and 11 fatigue-related markers in mice.Gallic acid and chebulic acid,among the differential compounds,have the greatest impact on the anti-fatigue effect.It demonstrates how decocting can encourage the hydrolysis of the macromolecular tannins in Triphala decoction into gallic acid and chebulic acid,which can improve the anti-fatigue effect of Triphala decoction. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of Erzhi Pill against Alzheimer′s disease based on serum metabolomics and network pharmacology LIU Guo-liang, LI Li, LEI Xia, XU Hong-dan, ZHANG Ning, YAO Yuan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (6): 1027-1037.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.6.012 Abstract （232）      PDF（pc） （2081KB）（7）       Knowledge map    Save This present investigation uses high throughput serum metabolomics and network pharmacology techniques to explore the pharmacological mechanism of Erzhi Pill in treating Alzheimer′s disease.Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups according to their body weight,with 10 in each group,namely,sham operation group,model group,positive drug group,low dose group,and medium dose combined high dose group.Rats in the model group and each administration group were given intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose and bilateral intraventricular injection β amyloid protein 25-35 (Aβ25-35) to establish a rat model of Alzheimer′s disease.After the sixth week of model preparation,the medication group was given corresponding drugs for intervention every day,while the other groups were given the same volume of physiological saline (4 weeks).The spatial learning and memory abilities of rats in each group were observed using Morris water maze experiment,and the expression of tau protein in the hippocampus of rats was detected using Western blotting.Using high throughput serum metabolomics technology combined with pattern recognition methods to search for endogenous differential metabolites and related metabolic pathways;Using network pharmacology technology to explore the potential active ingredients and key targets of Erzhi Pills,further integrating metabolomics and network pharmacology technology to focus on key targets and components,and ultimately adopting molecular biology technology for targeted verification.The water maze experiment and the degree of tau protein in the hippocampus of rats proved that the model was successfully prepared.The metabolomics results showed that the metabolic profile of the model group and the sham operation group was significantly separated,and the administration group was between the sham operation group and the model group,which demonstrated that the overall metabolism of the model group rats had significant changes,and there was a trend of regression after administration of Erzhi Pill.The results of metabolomics revealed 16 biomarkers,mainly involving 10 metabolic pathways.The results of network pharmacology show that Erzhi Pill mainly contains 13 compounds including β-sitosterol,kaempferol,etc.and 11 protein components such as the toxic muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1,a direct target associated with Alzheimer′s disease.Based on the above,it can be seen that Erzhi Pill has a good intervention effect on Alzheimer′s disease rats,which may achieve the purpose of intervention through the direct regulation of quercetin on cathepsin D. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of Solanum nigrum in treatment of breast cancer based on network pharmacology,molecular docking and in vitro experimental verifcation WEN Xin, HU Jin-hang, CHENG Min, SONG Zhong-xing NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (10): 1782-1793.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.10.015 Abstract （224）      PDF（pc） （3022KB）（12）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the mechanism of action of Solanum nigrum in the treatment of breast cancer based on network pharmacology and cellular experiments.The TCMSP database,Swiss-Target-Prediction and literature mining were used to collect seven active ingredients of S. nigrum.One hundred and ten target genes related to breast cancer were collected through the GeneCards database,and Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to construct the "drug-active-ingredient-target-disease" network.The potential targets were imported into the STRING 11.5 database to obtain the PPI network,and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on the potential targets using the DAVID Database.Go function enrichment analysis found 694 items.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis found 128 items (P < 0.05),involving cancer,PI3K/AKT,MAPK and other signaling pathways related to S. nigrum. Molecular docking of seven key active ingredients medioresinol,β-carotene,sitosterol,diosgenin,solanocapsine,cholesterol and quercetin from S. nigrum with potential targets AKT1,ESR1,EGFR,SRC,MAPK1,using AutoDock-vina 1.1.2 software.The molecular docking results showed that the predicted key component,diosgenin,showed good binding to the core targets,such as AKT1 and EGFR.The results showed that different concentrations of diosgenin inhibited the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231,and diosgenin regulated the expression of EGFR,AKT1 and p-AKT1 proteins,meanwhile diosgenin also down-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and up-regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax.The above results suggest that the potential mechanism of action of S. nigrum against breast cancer may be related to the regulation of MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and apoptosis,and through two key target genes AKT1 and EGFR. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Antidepressant effect of essential oil from Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.on lipopolysaccharide-induced depression model mice QIN Tian-tian, HU Jing-wen, ZENG Jiu-seng, LIU Rong, ZENG Nan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1480-1485.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.002 Abstract （222）      PDF（pc） （1014KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the antidepressant effect and possible mechanism of essential oil from Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.(EOST) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive behaviors and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway.In this study,the mice model with depression was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS,and drug treated mice were intragastrically administered with EOST or fluoxetine.Sucrose preference test and splash test (ST) were performed at the end of the experiment.Interleukin 18 (IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),Nissl staining was used for observation of the changes of neurons in the hippocampus CA3 area of mice.The relative protein expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome were detected by Western blot.The results showed that EOST 100,50 mg/kg significantly increased the preference of sugar water,prolong the grooming time of ST in mice,which demonstrated significant antidepressant-like behavioral effects.Additionally,it also reversed the upregulated IL-18 and TNF-α content in the serum of model mice,increased the mean IOD of Nissl bodies in the hippocampal CA3 region,down-regulated the expression levels of NLRP3,apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC),cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1),and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1).EOST could combat the depression-like behaviors in depression model mice induced by LPS,which might be related to inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and microglia,so as to alleviate neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents from Armillaria mellea fermentation broth and its mycelia LUO Ying-zi, HUANG Ming-jin, SHEN Shou-mao, SU Ming-zhi, YU Dan-dan, GUO Yue-wei, QIN Yu-qiang, ZHANG Guang-wen NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (7): 1183-1190.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.7.009 Abstract （222）      PDF（pc） （509KB）（30）       Knowledge map    Save Armillaria mellea is a symbiotic fungus essential for the nutritional growth stage of the medicinal plant Gastrodia elata.To investigate the chemical constitutes and bioactivities of A. mellea,the 95% ethanol extract of A. mellea was repeatedly chromatographed over silica gel,MCI gel,Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC,affording twenty-six pure compounds (1-26).Their structures were identified as tetradecanoic acid (1),α-linolenic acid (2),oleic acid (3),linoleic acid (4),ethyl linoleate (5),8(R),11(S)-dihydroxy-9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (6),2-linoleoylglycerol (7),1-monolinolein (8),9-octadecenoic acid-2′,3′-dihydroxy propyl ester (9),methyl linoleate (10),glycerin 1,3-dilinoleate (11),(5Z,9Z)-17-methylnonadeca-5,9-dienoate (12),(2S)-α-(9′Z,12′Z,15′Z)-octadecatrienoic acid (13),ergosta-5,7,22-triene-3β-ol (14),(22E,24S)-5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methyl-cholesta-6,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (15),p-hydroxybenzylethyl ether (16),uracil (17),cyclo(D)-Pro-(D)-Ile (18),cyclo(D)-Pro-(D)-Leu (19),cyclo(D)-Pro-(D)-Phe (20),proline (21),cyclo(D)-Pro-(L)-Val (22),cyclo(D)-Pro-(D)-Val (23),4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyloxazole (24),cyclo-(Ala-Val) (25),cyclo-(Ala-Pro) (26),respectively,by comparision of their NMR data and optical rotation values with those reported in the literature. Among them,compounds 5-13,16,and 18-26 were obtained for the first time from A. mellea. In in vitro bioassay,compounds 14 and 15 showed moderate effects against LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Evaluation on germplasm resources of genuine Amomum villosum TU Yu-ting, LI Ming-xiao, TANG Li-yun, SU Jing, HE Zhuo-hang, XU Jie, ZHANG Yu-yi, HE Guo-zhen NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (7): 1222-1234.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.7.014 Abstract （217）      PDF（pc） （2222KB）（11）       Knowledge map    Save There are 15 towns and two streets in Yangchun city of Guangdong province which is the genuine producing area of Amomum villosum.In order to select high-yield and high-quality germplasm of A. villosum,28 A. villosum germplasms were collected from different producing areas in Yangchun City.The contents of volatile oil,bornyl acetate and chemical components of A. villosum fruit in each producing area were detected,and the germplasm resources were evaluated combining with the yield of A. villosum.The results showed that there were significant differences in yield per mu,the contents of volatile oil and bornyl acetate.A comparison of the yields of 28 A. villosum germplasm,the yields of the germplasms of XAC,XBW,XBC,XBI,XAB,XBH,XBA,XBR,XBK,XAM,XBG,XAF,XBX,XBO and XAP were greater than 40 kg per 666.67 m2,which are much higher than the average yield of A. villosum in Yangchun City,so the germplasms are defined as high-yield germplasm.The essential oil and bornyl acetate contents of the germplasms of XBR,XBC,XAP,XAN,XBF,XBM,XBD,XBH,XAL,XAU,XBE,XBV and XBG exceeded 3.50% and 2.20% respectively,which are much higher than the limit values of Pharmacopoeia of the People′s Republic of China (2020 Edition).All of 28 germplasms of A. villosum were clustered into 4 categories by analyzing the chemical components in the volatile oil of A. villosum fruits.Conclusion:there are differences in the quality of A. villosum from different places of Yangchun City.The germplasms of XBC,XBH,XBR,XBG and XAP can be the candidates of high-yielding and high-quality of A. villosum basing on their high yield exceeding 40 kg per 666.67 m2,the high essential oil content exceeding 3.50% and the high bornyl acetate content exceeding 2.20%. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the key components of total flavonoids from Lamiophlomis Herba in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on spectrum-effect relationship and component knockout NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (11): 1833-1841.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.11.001 Abstract （208）      PDF（pc） （1153KB）（9）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to explore the key components of total flavonoids from Lamiophlomis Herba(LH) against rheumatoid arthritis (RA),which can elucidate the active components of LH against RA.In this work,the fingerprint of 13 batches of the total flavonoids from LH was established,including eight common peaks,of which three were identified.Based on the effect of 13 batches of total flavonoids from LH on the activity of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS),the spectrum-effect relationship was established for the anti-RA effect of total flavonoids from LH.The results showed that luteoloside and luteolin were key components of total flavonoids from LH against RA.Then,the component knockout technique was used to investigate the anti-RA efficacy of the luteoloside component in the total flavonoids from LH,and the effects of luteoloside and luteolin on FLS cell viability were compared.The results showed that luteoloside and luteolin could significantly inhibit FLS cell viability (P<0.01),and there was no significant difference between their inhibition rates. Because the HPLC spectrum of total flavonoids form LH showed that the content of luteoloside was higher than that of luteolin,luteoloside is a key component of total flavonoids from LH against RA.This work can provide a certain reference for the clinical application of LH in the treatment of RA. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the target of julibroside J8 inhibiting the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and its apoptosis related cell signal pathways based on molecular docking technology HUA Hui, SHA Xiu-xiu, JIANG Yu-chen, QIAN Xu-wu, LIU Shu NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (7): 1206-1211.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.7.012 Abstract （204）      PDF（pc） （860KB）（4）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the target of julibroside J8 (J8) inhibiting the proliferation of tumor vascular endothelial cells and its related signal pathway of apoptosis.In this paper,HPLC method was used to detect the content change of J8 in and out of endothelial cells after being treated with J8;Vina software docked J8 with VEGF,FAS,DR3,DR4,DR5,TFR-1 for analysis;Western blot method was used to detect the changes in the expression levels of VEGF,p-JNK,Bax,ENDOG,Caspase-3,Caspase-8,and Caspase-9 proteins in endothelial cells before and after drug addition.The results of molecular docking showed that the target proteins corresponding to VEGF and FAS had good binding ability to J8 and could bind to multiple sites.After HUVEC cells were treated with J8 for 24 h,the expressions of VEGF,p-JNK and other proteins were significantly decreased,and the expressions of apoptosis inducing proteins Bax and EnDOG were significantly up-regulated,and there was no significant effect on the expression levels of Caspase-3,Caspase-8 and Caspase-9.J8 may inhibit the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells by binding with VEGF on the surface of vascular endothelial cell membrane,and cause endothelial cell apoptosis by weakening the activity of VEGF/JNK pathway. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Optimization of extraction technology of alcohol extract from Achyranthes aspera L.and its activity against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells in vitro NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (7): 1191-1197.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.7.010 Abstract （203）      PDF（pc） （1226KB）（3）       Knowledge map    Save Achyranthes aspera L. is a widely used medicinal plant with many effects.In order to study the anti-cancer effect of its alcohol extract,the alcohol extraction process from A. aspera was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method,and the cytotoxicity and cell scratch test of human lung cancer A549 cells were carried out in vitro.The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:extraction temperature 90 ℃,liquid-solid ratio 40∶1,extraction time 2 h.Under these conditions,the extraction rate of alcohol extract from A. aspera was 9.23%.The results of cytotoxicity test showed that the survival rate of A549 cells decreased rapidly with the increase of alcohol extract concentration.When the concentration of alcohol extract was 256 μg/mL,the inhibition rate of A549 cells was 94.65%.The cell scratch results showed that alcohol extract had a certain inhibitory effect on the migration of A549 cells,which can provide a reference for the study of the medicinal properties from A. aspera. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of pH and temperature on the property of anthocyanins from blueberry pomace in antibacterial preservation applications ZHAI Yue, ZHAO Hai-tao, FU Qun NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (6): 1007-1016.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.6.010 Abstract （202）      PDF（pc） （2089KB）（18）       Knowledge map    Save In this study,the colour and properties of anthocyanins from blueberry pomace were comparatively evaluated at different pH values and temperatures,with the aim of investigating the presentation of their properties in food preservation applications and promoting the multi-path and high-value utilisation of by-product pomace in the blueberry industry.The effects of pH and temperature on the colour and properties of blueberry pomace anthocyanins were investigated using content,colour,DPPH radical scavenging,hydroxyl radical scavenging,total reducing capacity,anti-lipid peroxidation capacity,inhibition circle diameter,minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration as indicators,and the inhibition mechanism was investigated using liquid conductivity,protein content and alkaline phosphatase activity as indicators.The results showed that blueberry pomace anthocyanins showed a significant colour difference from dark red to dark purple (P > 0.05) in the pH range of 2-8.Under the treatment temperature of -18-70 ℃,the content,antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of blueberry pomace anthocyanins decreased with increasing treatment time,and the overall colour trend was blue-green.The anthocyanins of blueberry pomace changed the cell membrane permeability of the test strains and showed positive correlation with the conductivity,protein content and alkaline phosphatase activity of the bacterial solution,inhibiting the growth of the test strains.Blueberry pomace anthocyanins showed significant differences in application properties at different pH and temperature,showing strong in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial properties,which can be applied to the development of colour preservative applications. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Metabolomics-based analysis on the differences in antioxidant components from callus of Lycium barbarum L. ZENG Xiao-qian, ZHOU Xiao-ru, LIU Chun-huan, LIU Xue, YANG Cheng NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1495-1504.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.004 Abstract （201）      PDF（pc） （1862KB）（51）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of different plant growth regulator combinations on the enrichment of antioxidant components in Lycium barbarum L. callus were investigated by non-targeted metabolomics technique.The sterile stem segments of L. barbarum was used as explant,and 0.25 mg/L naphthylacetic acid+ 0.125 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (NB) or 0.25 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid+ 0.125 mg/L kinetin (DK) were used as plant growth regulators for callus culture.The antioxidant activity of different callus was detected by DPPH free radical scavenging method.The antioxidant activity of NB was 1.9 times that of DK at the same concentration.Based on the metabolomics technology of UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS,a total of 752 metabolites were identified in two groups of samples,of which 55 had significant differences in relative content,mainly amino acids and carbohydrates;KEGG analysis revealed that the differential metabolic pathway was mainly the ABC transporter pathway.The functional difference of ABC transporters may be the main reason for the significant difference in antioxidant activity of L. barbarum callus. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on the anti-colorectal cancer effect of traditional Chinese medicine monomer LIN Hao, DAI Wei-hong, LIU Chang-jiang, WANG Xian-wei NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1637-1649.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.017 Abstract （187）      PDF（pc） （1312KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor in the digestive tract and the incidence and lethality are increasing year by year,which seriously threatens the safety of human life.Although a variety of chemotherapy agents have been extensively utilized in clinical settings,the potential adverse effects and drug resistance give rise to poor patient compliance,which leads to the failure of chemotherapy.In view of this,it is urgent to excavate effective and low toxicity anti colorectal cancer agents to respond the reality of clinical treatment dilemma.Monomer components,as the main effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine,have prominent advantages in clinical anti colorectal cancer.Compared with synthetic chemicals,it has abundant sources and excellent safety,which possess great potential in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.From the perspective of chemical substances,we herein systematically reviewed the anti-colorectal cancer effects and main molecular mechanisms of monomer components in traditional Chinese medicine,and preliminarily discussed the related research of treating colorectal cancer in combination with the current research status,so as to provide theoretical value for the research and clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine mononer in treating colorectal cancer. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of luteolin on Th17/Treg immune balance in mice with ulcerative colitis by regulating SIRT3/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway YUAN Li, JI Jian-hua, LI Min-yan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (7): 1144-1153.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.7.005 Abstract （187）      PDF（pc） （1752KB）（6）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the effect of luteolin on the immune balance of T helper 17 cells (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Treg) in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC),and to analyze its underlying mechanism.Sixty BALB/c male mice were randomly separated into normal group,model group,positive control group,luteolin group,luteolin+3-TYP group,with 12 mice in each group.Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was performed to induce the establishment of a UC model,the weight change,stool consistency and stool occult blood in mice were observed and recorded,and the disease activity index (DAI) was calculated;HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the colon;flow cytometry was used to measure the ratio of Th17 and Treg cells in the spleen,and the ratio of Th17/Treg was calculated;ELISA was used to measure the contents of IL-6,IL-10,IL-17 and IL-23 in colon tissue;RT-qPCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of RORγt and Foxp3 in colon tissue;Western blot was used to measure the expression of colonic tissue SIRT3,AMPK,p-AMPK,mTOR,p-mTOR proteins.Compared with the normal group,the DAI score,histopathology score,spleen Th17/Treg ratio,colon tissue IL-6,IL-17,IL-23,RORγt mRNA levels and p-mTOR/mTOR ratio of mice increased in the model group,the IL-10,Foxp3 mRNA and SIRT3 protein levels,and p-AMPK/AMPK ratio decreased (P<0.05).After drug intervention,the DAI score,histopathology score,spleen Th17/Treg ratio,colon tissue IL-6,IL-17,IL-23,RORγt mRNA levels and p-mTOR/mTOR ratio of mice decreased,the IL-10,Foxp3 mRNA and SIRT3 protein levels,and p-AMPK/AMPK ratio increased P<0.05);3-TYP was able to weaken the effect of luteolin on the differentiation balance of Th17/Treg cells in UC mice (P<0.05).Luteolin can improve Th17/Treg imbalance in DSS-induced UC mouse model,and its mechanism may be related to the activation of SIRT3/AMPK/mTOR pathway. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Asari Radix et Rhizoma and predictive analysis of its quality marker ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Hong, LI Ning, CHEN Juan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (10): 1794-1807.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.10.016 Abstract （186）      PDF（pc） （1374KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save Asari Radix et Rhizoma (ARR) is the dried roots and rhizomes of Asarum heterotropoides Fr.Schmidt var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag., Asarum sieboldii Miq.var. seoulense Nakai or Asarum sieboldii Miq.in the Aristolochiaceae plants,it mainly contains volatile oils,lignans,flavonoids,polysaccharides and other chemical components.Modern pharmacological and clinical studies have shown that ARR has many pharmacological activities,such as analgesic and anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antibacterial,antitussive,antiasthmatic,antidepressant responses,tumor suppression,blood suppression.It has been used for the treatment of diseases such as anemofrigid cold,rheumatic arthralgia,multiple pain and phlegm and cough.Based on a summary of the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of ARR,combining with the research actuality,the quality marker (Q-Marker) was predicted from the aspects of kinship,characteristic composition,effectiveness,pharmacokinetics,chemical composition measuability and compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine.It was predicted that aristolochic acid Ⅳa,methyl eugenol,safrole,L-asarbon,L-sesamin,2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol,trimethoxy toluene,1,8-cineulin,β-asarbon,kakuol,caribine,kaempferol and etc.could be used as the candidate compounds for the quality markers of ARR,in order to provide a reference for the establishment of quality standard,in-depth study and comprehensive utilization of ARR. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress in chemical composition,pharmacology and toxicity of Areca Semen and prediction and analysis of its quality markers Celimuge, XU Liang NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (8): 1431-1441.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.8.016 Abstract （183）      PDF（pc） （1421KB）（27）       Knowledge map    Save Arecae Semen is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine in China,and is listed as the first of the four southern medicines.Areca nut is also a chewing hobby,which has a wide range of pharmacological activities and toxicity.In recent years,domestic and foreign scholars have gradually deepened their research on Arecae Semen.There are many types of chemical components in Arecae Semen,which have a variety of pharmacological effects.Based on the summary of its chemical components,pharmacological effects,toxic effects,clinical applications,and consumption,this paper analyzes the specific chemical components,measurable components,traditional medicinal efficacy,the impact of processing on chemical components The blood components were used to predict and analyze the quality markers of Arecae Semen,and the preferred and alternative components of Arecae Semen quality markers were screened.It provides reference for establishing quality control and evaluation system of Arecae Semen. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research advances on chemical constituents and biological activities of Ricinus communis DAI Meng-yuan, GAO Mei, ZHAO Ming-hui, LI Wen-chang NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (7): 1265-1281.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.7.017 Abstract （183）      PDF（pc） （1905KB）（18）       Knowledge map    Save Ricinus communis L.,a plant of Ricinus genus (Euphorbiaceae family),are commonly used as traditional Chinese medicine and ethnomedicine for relieving constipation by purgation,treating traumatic injuries,detoxification,etc.Recent research revealed that the R. communis possessed a number of chemicals,including terpenoids,sterols,flavonoids,fatty acids,tocopherols,alkaloids,phenolic acids,and coumarins,which exhibited extensive biological and pharmacological activities,such as antimicrobial,insecticidal,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antineoplastic,antidiabetic,anti-fertility and hepatoprotective activities.This paper aims to summarize the research progress on the chemical components and biological activities of R. communis,which could provide a basis for the further research and comprehensive development and utilization. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Biological activity of tangeretin and its potential efficacy in exercise-induced asthma:a review LIU Meng, ZHANG Zheng, GAO Bing-hong, ZHOU Zhi-qin NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (6): 1088-1099.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.6.018 Abstract （181）      PDF（pc） （1768KB）（11）       Knowledge map    Save Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is one of the most frequent chronic diseases among athletes and is gaining increasing concern.The pathological mechanisms and pharmacology-based treatments of EIA have been widely studied and some progress has been made,however,long-term using EIA drugs would induce health-related side effects and even doping violations.Thus,a safe,healthy and effective alternative of traditional treatment methods is particularly required.Tangeretin extracted from a natural citrus was recently reported to show great promise in EIA treatment.Therefore,the current article specifically reviewed the biological activities of tangeretin referring to anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,anti-cancer,regulation of uric acid and cortisol secretion,regulation of glucolipid metabolism and anti-obesity,neuroprotection.It would provide ideas and theoretical support for further studying and developing tangeretin-based food,healthcare products or drugs in EIA treatment. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Predictive analysis of quality markers of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma volatile oil based on GC-MS fingerprint and network pharmacology WU Jiao-jiao, LIU Dong, ZHANG Li, XIA Jia, YANG Yu, TANG Fei, CHEN Lu, AO Hui NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (8): 1305-1313.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.8.003 Abstract （179）      PDF（pc） （1838KB）（9）       Knowledge map    Save To analyze and predict the potential quality markers of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma volatile oil (AMO) based on fingerprint and network pharmacology,11 batches of AMO was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS),and similarity evaluation,principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were carried out,and the Q-Marker candidate components in the volatile oil were screened.Target collection and network pharmacological analysis were carried out to build a "component-target-pathway" network and predict the Q-Marker of AMO.The fingerprints of AMO were established with similarities greater than 0.990,indicating that consistency in the composition of AMO from different origins and batches.PCA analyses showed a more concentrated distribution of AMO from the Zhejiang,and HCA analyses showed that when the classification distance was 15,four batches of AMO from the Zhejiang region were clustered into one group,indicating that the volatile oil quality of AMO from the Daoji region was more stable.Ten Q-Marker candidates were obtained after GC-MS analysis,19 key targets and 66 pathways were obtained from the network pharmacological analysis,and palmitic acid,β-eudesmol,γ-elemene,elemene and atractylone were the Q-Markers of AMO according to the preliminary prediction,providing a theoretical reference for quality control of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and other Traditional Chinese herbs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A new phenolic glycoside from the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans YE Ming-yu, LYU Jian-hua, DONG Jing, LI Shi-yu, WANG Xin, LI Chang-tian NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (6): 966-972.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.6.005 Abstract （178）      PDF（pc） （1080KB）（14）       Knowledge map    Save Crude samples from Aureobasidium pullulans fermentation products extracted using ethyl acetate exhibited inhibitory activity against a variety of plant pathogens,and the results showed good inhibitory activity against Cylindrocarpon destructans.To further explore the chemical constituents of A. pullulans fermentation products,ethyl acetate extract from the solid culture were separated and purified using normal-phase silica columns,reversed-phase silica columns and semi-preparative liquid chromatography,the monomer compounds were then determined mainly through analysis of NMR spectroscopic data.Four compounds were found and identified as 3,4-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzene-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (1),5′-hydroxygriseofulvin (2),7-dechlorogriseofulvin (3) and 6′-hydroxygriseofulvin (4).The above four compounds were isolated from the fermentation products of this fungus for the first time,and compound 1 was a new compound. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Efficacy,mechanism and preliminary safety of compound essential oil for refreshing the brain by nasal inhalation LIU Xiao-jin, LIU Ri-qun, ZHENG Qin, YANG Ming, HU Peng-yi , LI Zi-qi, XIAO Shu-hua NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1591-1601.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.013 Abstract （173）      PDF（pc） （2293KB）（54）       Knowledge map    Save To evaluate the efficacy,mechanism and safety of compound essential oil sniffing on refreshing and alerting mice.The effects of compound essential oil on refreshing and alerting the brains of Kunming mice were comprehensively evaluated through behavioral tests of autonomic activity and sleep induced by pentobarbital sodium.The contents of dopamine (DA) and glutamic acid (GLU) neurotransmitters in the blood and brain of mice were detected by enzyme-associated immunoassay (ELISA).The effects of compound essential oil on dopamine receptor D1R protein levels in different brain regions of mice were studied by Western blot,and the mechanism of alerting the brain was clarified.The safety of compound essential oil was investigated by acute toxicology experiment of single high-dose inhalation administration,and the chemical constituents of compound essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The results of animal experiments showed that compared with the control group,the mice in the low,medium and high dose groups of compound essential oil could significantly increase the exercise distance every day after three days of sniffing (P<0.01),average velocity (P<0.01),shorten the rest time (P<0.01),significantly increase the autonomic activity of mice;Sniffing essential oils for three consecutive days significantly shortened the total sleep duration (P<0.01),has the effect of refreshing and waking the mind.ELISA results showed that compared with the control group,compound essential oil significantly increased DA and GLU levels in the blood and brain of mice (P<0.05,P<0.05);Western blot results showed that compound essential oil significantly upregulated D1R protein levels in hippocampus,hypothalamus,prefrontal cortex and other brain tissues of mice (P<0.05).In a single high-dose sniffing experiment,compound essential oil had no significant effects on body weight,blood cell-related indexes,liver and kidney function in mice,and HE stained pathological sections showed that compound essential oil had no pathological damage to brain,nose,lung,liver,kidney and other tissues.Results of GC-MS showed the highest content of L-menthol (24.54%),followed by eugenol (16.25%),L-menthol (7.78%),bornol (7.30%),L-caryophyllene (5.29%) and 1,8-eudesin (3.40%).Compound essential oils have the effect of refreshing and waking the brain in mice,and are safe for sniffing.Its mechanism may be related to increased levels of DA and GLU in the blood and brain,and increased regulation of D1R protein levels in different brain regions. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）