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Chemical constituents from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in Jiuhua Mountain and their anti-inflammatory activity ZHANG Yu, XIA Cheng-han, WU Jiang-ping, WANG Guo-dong, HAN Jun NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (7): 1149-1157.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.7.006 Abstract （585）      PDF（pc） （707KB）（396）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to investigate the chemical constituents from the massive rhizomes of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in Jiuhua Mountain,together with their inflammatory activities.Sixteen compounds were isolated and purified from the 85% ethanol extract of the title plant by using systematic separation methods,including silica gel column chromatography,MCI column chromatography,Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography and semi-preparative liquid chromatography.Their structures were identified as polygodoside H (1),polygonatumoside G (2),25(S)-funkioside B (3),typaspidoside A (4),rutin (5),luteolin-7-O-rutinoside (6),kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucoside (7),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8),apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (9),lariciresinol glycoside (10),5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (11),4-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (12),3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (13),3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (14),4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (15),trans-p-coumaric acid methyl ester (16) by 1H NMR,13C NMR and HR-ESI-MS.All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time. Biologically,all compounds were subjected to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activities via inhibiting NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in vitro.The results indicated that compounds 1-3,5-8 showed a moderate inhibitory effect against NO production with IC50 values of 8.28-41.85 μmol/L and without cytotoxicity against the cells,showing a certain degree of anti-inflammatory activity. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification and antimicrobial activity of a strain of Paenibacillus elgii CHEN Li, HUANG Sheng, SU Guo-qi, YANG Fei-yun, HUANG Jin-xiu, QI Ren-li, LIU Zuo-hua NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (9): 1499-1511.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.9.005 Abstract （553）      PDF（pc） （1588KB）（385）       Knowledge map    Save This study was conducted to screen the microorganisms producing novel natural antimicrobial substances.The target strains were screened by co-culture method;the strains were identified by 16S rDNA,physiological and biochemical properties,and whole genome sequencing;and the stability of the antimicrobial substances,the prediction of secondary metabolites in the genome of the strains,and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were utilized to study the biological properties of the antimicrobial substances.The results showed that a strain named Paenibacillus elgii CL-1 was screened from the soil,which produced antimicrobial substances with broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and was resistant to catalase,pepsin,trypsin,proteinase K,and acid/base,and unstable at high temperatures.The antiSMASH analysis was used to find out that Paenibacillus elgii CL-1 contains 17 secondary metabolite gene clusters,including penisin and octapeptin C4. Further analysis revealed that the antimicrobial substances isolated and purified from the fermentation broth of CL-1 by high-performance liquid chromatography had a broad antimicrobial spectrum and good antimicrobial activity,with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of up to 1 μg/mL.Through mass spectrometry analysis,it was found that the Bacillus-like bacterium Paenibacillus elgii CL-1 was able to produce pelgipeptin B,which has a broad antimicrobial spectrum,good stability,and strong antimicrobial activity.The present study provides a chassis strain for the exploration of the natural antimicrobial drug pelgipeptin B and lays a foundation for its research and development as well as its application. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anti-inflammatory mechanism of Laggerae Herba based on network pharmacology ZHOU Yong-zhi, SHU Teng-yun, SONG Yu-ying, ZHENG Li-xiong, LI Hai-zhou NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (8): 1420-1431.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.8.016 Abstract （491）      PDF（pc） （2521KB）（24）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to analyze the components and target pathways of the ethyl acetate fraction of Laggerae Herba (ELH)  based on LC-MS and network pharmacology,exploring its anti-inflammatory mechanisms in vitro using an lipopolysaccharides(LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 inflammatory model.The anti-inflammatory activities of various extracts of Laggerae Herba were assessed using the Griess assay.Additionally,LC-MS was utilized to analyze the chemical components of ELH.Network pharmacology aided in predicting and screening the core components,target genes,and principal pathways that mediate anti-inflammatory effects,which were then confirmed through molecular docking and Western blot analysis. Results from the Griess assay demonstrated that ELH significantly inhibited NO release in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells,achieving an inhibition rate of 103.07% and identifying it as the active fraction.LC-MS analysis revealed 23 chemical components in ELH,including 21 sesquiterpenes,one flavonoid,and one organic acid.Using four different databases,66 common targets were identified.Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis pinpointed six core targets,including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF),each with a degree value exceeding 40.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that these core targets could modulate anti-inflammatory effects through the PI3K-Akt,IL-17,NF-κB,and TNF signaling pathways.Molecular docking confirmed the strong binding affinity of the 23 chemical components to the core targets.Western blot results indicated significant reductions in Akt phosphorylation and NF-κB expression post-ELH treatment (P<0.05).In conclusion,ELH can inhibit Akt phosphorylation and,to a certain extent,suppress the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway induced by LPS in RAW 264.7 cells,thereby exerting potent anti-inflammatory effects. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical composition analysis of Fenghuang Xuecha based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS coupled with GNPS#br# WU Juan, GONG You-lan, TENG Jian-yu, WANG Ya-jing, FENG Min, ZHOU Si-qian, LONG Hong-ping NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (9): 1484-1498.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.9.004 Abstract （475）      PDF（pc） （2239KB）（415）       Knowledge map    Save Fenghuang Xuecha is a Chinese herbal used for medicinal and dietary purposes,which has great development value.Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) coupled with global natural products social molecular networking (GNPS) were used to analysis and identify the chemical components of Fenghuang Xuecha leaves rapidly.The mass spectrometry data were collected by positive and negative ion modes,the chemical components were identified through software analysising,database matching,reference materials comparing and so on,and created the molecular network based on the similarity of the MS/MS fragments.A total of Fifty eight components in Fenghuang Xuecha leaves,the main chemical constituents included 33 flavonoids,11 phenols,four  alkaloids,three triterpenoids and other compounds.Thirty-two compounds were identified for the first time in the genus,such as protocatechuic acid-4-glucoside,myricetin-3-rutinoside,asiatic acid and so on.Meanwhile,the mass fragmentation pattern of each category of compound and the nodes of the flavonoid network correlation analysis were further explored.In this study,LC-MS combined with GNPS could systematic analysis and quickly acquire the ingredients of Fenghuang Xuecha,which will provid reference for its clinical application,quality control and pharmacological material basis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of Pimpinella candolleana (Ⅱ) WANG Yang, XUE Jing-yi, LEI Yan, PAN Jie, YANG Chang, LI Yong-jun, MA Xue NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (8): 1357-1367.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.8.009 Abstract （459）      PDF（pc） （1075KB）（408）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to explore the chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts from Pimpinella candolleana.The 70% ethanol extract from P. candolleana were isolated by different chromatographic procedures including silica gel,ODS gel,D101 macroporous resin and MCI resin column.The structures of the compounds were identified by comparing the spectral data with the literature.Their potential anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated on murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Twenty-five compounds were isolated and identified as 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,7-tetramethoxyxanthone(1),1-hydroxy-2,3,4,6-tetramethoxyxanthone(2), bellidifolin(3), desmethylbellidifolin(4), swertianolin(5), swertiajaponin(6),isoswertiajaponin(7),luteolin-7-O-β-D-rutinoside(8),luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-［6′′′-O-caffeoyl］-β-D-glucopyranoside(9),luteolin-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10),luteolin-6-C-β-L-fucoside(11),orientin(12),isoorientin(13),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(14),apigenin(15),quercetin-3-O-β-D-(6″-caffeoylgalactoside)(16), tricin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(17),puerarin(18),vitexin(19),ombuin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(20), ombuin-3-O-β-D-galacopyranoside(21), rhamnetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside(22),rhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(23),isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(24),chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(25).Compounds 13-15 were firstly isolated from this plant.Furthermore,compounds 1-12,16-25 were isolated from the genus Pimpinella for the first time.The results of bioassay showed that compounds 1-3,6-10,12-15,17-20,23,25 exhibited different degrees of inhibitory effect against NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and displayed potential anti-inflammatory activity. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Structural composition and immunological activity of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo flowers WANG Xin-ting, WANG Ke, ZHANG Zhi-yuan, LIU Xin-lan, XIANG Ze-min, YUAN Wen-juan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 1999-2007.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.001 Abstract （445）      PDF（pc） （1502KB）（167）       Knowledge map    Save The polysaccharide constituents were extracted and purified from the flowers of Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo.Subsequently,their structural characteristics were analyzed,and their immunomodulatory effects were examined at the cellular level.This study aims to furnish a theoretical foundation and methodological reference for the industrial production and application of polysaccharides derived from the flowers of D. officinale.This paper described the extraction of crude polysaccharide from D. officinale dried flowers using aqueous alcohol precipitation.The polysaccharide was then purified using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography.Its structural composition was analyzed through high-performance gel permeation chromatography,PMP pre-column derivatization,Fourier infrared spectroscopy,and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy.Additionally,the immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from D. officinale dried flowers was evaluated.The isolated and purified polysaccharide from D. officinale dried flowers,with a yield of 0.578%,primarily consisted of mannose,glucose,and small amounts of galactose,xylose,and arabinose in a ratio of 74.388∶22.676∶2.171∶0.173∶0.592,and had an average molecular weight of 2 216 Da.At concentrations of 50-200 μg/mL,polysaccharide from D. officinale dried flowers significantly boosted macrophage proliferation,NO release,and ROS production.Research showed that D. officinale flowers were rich in polysaccharides and had strong immunomodulatory activity,the function was potentially exerted through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of total flavonoids from Forsythia suspensa leaf on zebrafish ulcerative colitis LYU Yun-ke, ZHENG Xuan, ZHANG Ju, CUI Shi-zhan, WANG Ming-xue, ZHOU Chun-ling, JIA Dong-sheng NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (8): 1279-1287.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.8.001 Abstract （428）      PDF（pc） （1736KB）（33）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to investigate the impact of total flavonoids extracted from Forsythia suspensa leaf on zebrafish ulcerative colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS).The FSLF was purified using D101 macroporous resin and its components were analyzed via UPLC-MS.Thirty-six wild zebrafish were divided into a control group,model group,low-dose FSLF group (10 μg/mL),medium-dose FSLF group (20 μg/mL),high-dose FSLF group (40 μg/mL),and dexamethasone group (50 μg/mL).ulcerative colitis was induced in all groups except for the blank group by anal injection of 160 mmol/L TNBS.The colonic histopathology and goblet cell number of zebrafish were observed using hematoxylin-eosin and alcian blue staining.The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in zebrafish colon tissue were assessed using a detection kit.Fluorescence quantitative PCR detected the presence of MyD88 and TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in the colon tissue of zebrafish.Additionally,mRNA expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-1β (IL-1β),and interleukin-10 (IL-10) was also observed.The highest concentration of total flavonoids was found in the 30% ethanol-eluting fraction of FSLF,UPLC-MS analysis identified nine flavonoids,including rutin,isoquercetin,kaempferol-3-glucorhamnoside,hypericin,kaempferin-3-O-rutinoside,quercetin,Hesperidin,kaempferol and porphyrin.Compared to the model group,FSLF demonstrates an improvement in the colonic structure of zebrafish,as evidenced by an increase in goblet cell number (P<0.001),a decrease in ROS content (P<0.05),downregulation of MyD88/TRAF6/NF-κBp65,TNF-α,IL-1β mRNA expression levels,and an increase in SOD activity (P<0.01) and IL-10 mRNA expression levels (P<0.05).This study indicates that FSLF exerts a significant therapeutic impact on zebrafish ulcerative colitis,potentially through the modulation of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β,as well as the enhancement of IL-10 mRNA expression via regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of the protective effect of probiotic fermented Astragali Radix on lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative damage in normal human colon epithelial cell NCM-460 WANG Ping, WANG Chang-fu, HAN Shi-lin, KUANG Hai-xue, WANG Qiu-hong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (9): 1464-1471.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.9.002 Abstract （420）      PDF（pc） （1230KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to explore the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of probiotic fermented Astragali Radix (F-As) and non-fermented Astragali Radix (As) on the oxidative damage in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced normal human colon epithelial cell NCM-460.The working concentrations of LPS,As and F-As were determined by MTT assay.The changes of oxidative stress-related indexes and antioxidant-related genes at transcription level and protein level in LPS group,As + LPS group and F-As + LPS group were detected and compared respectively.Compared with the control group,reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased (P<0.01) after treatment of LPS,while cell viability,glutathione (GSH),superoxide dismutase (SOD),total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and antioxidant-related genes were decreased (P<0.01).Compared with the LPS group,As + LPS group and F-As + LPS group,the content of ROS and MDA were obviously decreased (P<0.01),whereas the content of GSH,SOD,T-AOC and antioxidant-related genes were increased (P<0.01),compared with the LPS group.However,compared with As group,F-As showed a more significant effect on enhancing these bio-indicators as mentioned above (P<0.05).The results suggest that both As and F-As can remove excessive ROS and MDA in cells by activating the expression of antioxidant genes,thus playing a protective role in LPS-induced oxidative damage of cells,and F-As is superior to As. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comparative study on main components and antioxidant activity of Scutellaria Radix from different genuine producing areas LIU Yu-ran, GUO Meng-jia, YANG Li-xin, QU Yan, PAN Xiao-li, YANG Bin, LI Hua NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (6): 919-929.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.6.001 Abstract （419）      PDF（pc） （1616KB）（28）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to explore the flavonoid characteristic fingerprint and antioxidant capacity spectrum-effect relationship of Scutellaria Radix in Laiwu,Shandong Province and Chengde,Hebei Province.On the basis of constructing ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) fingerprint profiles of Scutellaria Radix,this study employed an in vitro antioxidant assay to evaluate the scavenging ability of 25 batches of Scutellaria Radix from different authentic production areas on DPPH,ABTS and O2- free radicals,and their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined.Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) method and bivariate correlation analysis were employed to establish the spectrum-efficacy relationship between the chemical composition and antioxidant activity.The fingerprint similarity of 25 batches samples exceeded 0.983,in which 16 common peaks were identified.Twelve compounds were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology. The Scutellaria Radix from the two areas had strong scavenging abilities of DPPH,ABTS and O2- free radicals,and the antioxidant capacity of Scutellaria Radix from Laiwu,Shandong province was superior to that from Chengde,Hebei Province.The two OPLS-DA models can successfully distinguish Scutellaria Radix from two genuine producing areas.Baicalin,baicalein and oroxylin A-7-O-β-D-glucuronide were differential markers in them.The spectrum-efficacy analysis revealed that flavonoids in Scutellaria Radix may increase the scavenging abilities of DPPH,ABTS and O2-  free radicals based on their synergistic effects.This study established the spectrum-efficacy evaluation model combined chemical composition with antioxidant activity of Scutellaria Radix.It can be used to evaluate the quality of Scutellaria Radix from different genuine producing areas,and can provide help for the reseach of the geotropism of Chinese medicinal materials. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Protective effect of Olea europaea leaves extract against oxidative damage in HaCaT cells and its antibacterial activity DING Ya-nan, WANG Rui-yang, GAO Guan-zhen, WANG Hui-qin, ZHOU Jian-wu, RAO Ping-fan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (9): 1584-1591.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.9.014 Abstract （416）      PDF（pc） （1280KB）（18）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the protective effect of Olea europaea leaves extract against oxidative damage in HaCaT cells and its antibacterial activity,the myoglobin protective ratio was used to evaluate the extracellular antioxidant capacity of O. europaea leaves extract against different types of free radicals,the oxidative damage and inflammation model of HaCaT cells was established to evaluate the protective effect of the extract against oxidative damage to the cells,and the inhibitory effect of O. europaea leaves extract on the common pathogenic bacteria was further investigated.The results showed that the O. europaea leaves extract possessed antioxidant effects on hydroxyl radicals,hypochlorite and peroxyl radicals,among which the antioxidant effects on hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals were better.At the cellular level,the extract was able to significantly reduce the intracellular free radicals of HaCaT,which could effectively improve the oxidative stress status of HaCaT cells.Meanwhile,0.156-0.625 μg/mL of O. europaea leaves extract was effective in reducing IL-6,IL-1β levels in inflammatory cells,and 0.156-0.312 μg/mL of the extract was able to reduce TNF-α levels.In addition,O. europaea leaves extract was able to effectively inhibit Staphylococcus aureus with low sensitivity to Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.In conclusion,O. europaea leaves extract has a certain protective effect against oxidative damage in HaCaT cells,and has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Flavonoids from Rhododendron nivale and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities WANG Lan, ZENG Xi, YAO Hou-zong, YUAN Tao NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (8): 1350-1356.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.8.008 Abstract （409）      PDF（pc） （635KB）（29）       Knowledge map    Save This study investigates the flavonoid compounds in the extracts of R. nivale and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.Various chromatographic separation techniques such as silica gel column chromatography,Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to separate and purify the ethyl acetate extracts of R. nivale.Using NMR,IR,and HR-ESI-MS,eight flavonoid compounds were identified,including a new one,3′,8-dimethoxyquercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside (1),and seven known compounds:morin-3-O-β-L-lyxoside (2),(2R,3R)-taxifolin-3-O-arabinoside (3),epicatechin (4),(-)-epigallocatechin (5),(-)-catechin (6),dihydromyricetin (7),dihydroquercetin (8).Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were measured using a H2O2-induced oxidative damage model and a lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production model,respectively.Compounds 2,4 and 8 increased the viability of H2O2-damaged SH-SY5Y cells from (44.0±2.3)% to (80.6±0.4)%,(78.4±1.6)% and (81.9±1.7)%,respectively.Compound 8 also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 37.7 μmol/L.These results demonstrate that the flavonoid compounds in R. nivale have potential as lead compounds for developing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anti-prostate cancer activity and mechanism of different solvent extracts of Anemones Rivularis Radix based on network pharmacology and experimental validation HUANG Li-rong, YU Jia, LI Jiao, CHENG Sha, LUO Heng NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (7): 1231-1241.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.7.016 Abstract （402）      PDF（pc） （2028KB）（18）       Knowledge map    Save The anti-prostate cancer activity and mechanism of different solvent extracts from Anemones Rivularis Radix (ARR) were studied by network pharmacology and experimental validation.ARR was extracted with water,75% ethanol,and ethyl acetate to obtain the crude extracts.The effects of three extracts on the proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells PC3 were analyzed by MTT and flow cytometry in vitro,respectively.Chemicals of ethyl acetate crude extracts were analyzed by GC-MS.The active constituents and anti-prostate cancer targets of ARR were analyzed by network pharmacology.PPI network was constructed,and core targets were screened by topological analysis.The anti-prostate cancer signaling pathway of extracts was analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis.Based on the above results,the mechanism of action was predicted.The expression of genes in extract-treated PC3 cells at the transcriptional level related to the TNF signaling pathway was assayed through RT-PCR,which further verified the predicted targets and mechanism.Results showed three extracts had strong inhibitory effect on PC3 cells proliferation,and induced apoptosis (P<0.01) significantly.Compounds betulinic acid and huzhangoside D were the main active ingredients of ARR against prostate cancer based on GC-MS and network pharmacology.A total of 89 targets related to anti-prostate cancer were obtained,and 15 core targets were selected further,including JUN,BCL2L1 and HSP90AA1.GO functional enrichment showed there were 142 biological processes,28 cell compositions,and 41 molecular functions involved.The intersection targets mainly involved TNF,TRP,NF-κB,and cancer pathway abased on KEGG analysis.Results of RT-PCR showed the expression of key genes in the TNF signaling pathway were affected by three extracts significantly,which was consistent with the results predicted by the network pharmacology.This study revealed three extracts of ARR had strong inhibitory activity against prostate cancer,and betulinic acid and huzhangoside D were the main active compounds.The mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of TNF,TRP,NF-κB and cancer pathways. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical composition analysis of Callicarpa kwangtungensis by UPLC-QE Plus-MS/MS and its neuroprotective activity LIU Yong-lin, XU Xi, TANG Yuan, ZENG Cong, HU Pei, CHEN Jie, LI Yi-guang NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (10): 1639-1659.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.10.001 Abstract （386）      PDF（pc） （2848KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to analyze the chemical constituents of Callicarpa kwangtungensis (CK) and investigate its neuroprotective activity.The chemical constituents of CK were identified by UPLC-QE Plus-MS/MS. By establishing an in vitro neuroinflammation model,the levels of nitric oxide (NO),interleukin-1β (IL-1β),and interleukin-6 (IL-6) inflammatory factors were detected,and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured in combination with flow cytometry,and changes in cell morphology were observed using immunofluorescence to assess the neuroprotective effects of CK.A total of 108 compounds were identified in CK,including 34 phenylethanoid glycosides,10 phenylpropanoids,25 flavonoids,23 terpenoids,10 organic acids,2 organic aldehydes,and 4 others,of which 21 components were identified for the first time.The results of in vitro experiments showed that CK was able to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced expression levels of NO,IL-1β,IL-6,and ROS in BV2 cells and reverse the activation state of BV2 cells. In this study,the rapid analysis of the chemical components of CK was achieved by UPLC-QE Plus-MS/MS,and its neuroprotective activity was investigated,which provided an important theoretical basis for subsequent basic research on pharmacophore substances and the development of new drugs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Screening of key genes for Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and prediction  YI Liu-feng, TAO Si-yu, LI Meng, WANG Shao-li, LIU Zhen NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (7): 1200-1206.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.7.012 Abstract （383）      PDF（pc） （1794KB）（21）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to screen key genes associated with gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori (Hp),analyze the pathway mechanism,and predict potential traditional Chinese medicines for treating it based on bioinformatics.The GSE60427 and GSE60662 datasets were obtained from the GEO database,the differentially expressed genes were screened out with R software and enriched and analyzed,the key genes were further screened out by STRING database and Cytoscape software,and the expression verification analysis of key genes were performed by UALCAN database,GEPIA database,and traditional Chinese medicines were predicted and screened in Coremine Medical database.A total of 344 differentially expressed genes were screened for biological functions such as leukocyte adhesion,T cell activation,immune response,chemokine receptor binding,and other signaling pathways through Th17 cell differentiation,Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation.The ten key genes obtained are PTPRC,TNF,ITGB2,FCGR3A,CD19,LCK,LCP2, CD48,CTLA4,IL7R.Combined with the theory of "toxicity" in Chinese medicine,the predicted traditional Chinese medicine is divided into four groups:strengthening the spleen and detoxification,resolving dampness and detoxification,invigorating the blood and detoxification and clearing away heat and detoxification,and these medicines can provide ideas for the treatment of Hp-related gastritis,inhibition of "inflammation-cancer" transformation,and prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application of omics technologies in the quality evaluation and pharmacological mechanism study of Astragali Radix LU Guo-di, HOU Jia, QIANG Zheng-ze, YANG Fu-de NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (7): 1257-1265.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.7.018 Abstract （377）      PDF（pc） （1402KB）（12）       Knowledge map    Save Astragali Radix,a widely used herbal medicine in traditional Chinese medicine,is extensively employed in both food and medicine.However,the inconsistent quality of Astragali Radix remains a significant issue due to various factors.The current evaluation method makes it challenging to control the quality of Astragali Radix,and it fails to effectively correlate with the efficacy of Astragali Radix in different compound formulas.This seriously impacts its efficacy and safety in clinical use.Therefore,it is urgent to explore the application of omics technologies,which possess holistic and systematic characteristics,in evaluating the quality of Astragali Radix.This study offers an overview of recent research findings,lighting the application and progress of omics technologies, including metabolomics,transcriptomics,genomics,and proteomics, in the quality control of Astragali Radix.It delves into various aspects such as variety,origin,cultivation method,adversity,and concoction processing.Furthermore,it examines the pharmacological mechanisms of action,including anti-fatigue,anti-heart failure,prevention and treatment of endocrine diseases,and anti-tumor properties.Finally,it offers thoughtful reflections on the future of omics technologies in the field of Astragali Radix research.This study aims to provide new ideas and methods for the establishment of a comprehensive and systematic quality assessment system for clinical rational drug use. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on pharmacological effects of trehalose QIU Wei-chen, YUN Yi-xuan, JIANG Xiao-gang NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (10): 1813-1819.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.10.017 Abstract （361）      PDF（pc） （949KB）（14）       Knowledge map    Save Trehalose,a natural disaccharide,exists widely in various forms in nature.Due to its unique roles in cell protection and stress tolerance,researches on trehalose and its potential applications have received increasing attention.This article summarized recent progress in the pharmacological effects of trehalose and its mechanisms of action to provide clues for clinical applications of trehalose. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Optimization of extraction technology of essential oil of Rosa rugosa 'Hetian' and its antioxidant and whitening activities YILIHAMU Gulifeire, TIEMUER Atawula, MUHATAER Yilitaer, AIDIRESI Salamaiti NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (11): 1855-1862.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.11.005 Abstract （359）      PDF（pc） （1216KB）（21）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the optimal extraction process of the Rosa rugosa 'Hetian' essential oil and its antioxidant and whitening activities,this experiment used rose essential oil as raw material,which was extracted by salt-soaking assisted steam distillation.On the basis of single factor experiment,the effects of salt-soaking time,NaCl mass concentration,and solid-liquid ratio on essential oil extraction were studied,and Box-Behnken response surface method was used to optimize the extraction process parameters.Then, in vitro and cellular level experiments were conducted to verify the antioxidant and whitening activities of rose essential oil obtained from the optimal extraction conditions.The results showed that the extraction amount of essential oil was the highest,which could reach 23.35 mg/g (dried flowers) under the conditions of salt soaking time of 2.5 h,NaCl concentration of 5.4% and material-liquid ratio of 1∶7.3 (g/mL).Under these conditions,the IC50 value of scavenging DPPH radical of rose essential oil was 7.14 mg/mL.The results of cell experiments showed that the R. rugosa 'Hetian' essential oil could reduce the melanin content and inhibit the tyrosinase activity in the α-MSH induced B16F10 cells.To sum up,this study provides an efficient method to extract the R. rugosa 'Hetian' essential oil,which proves that rose essential oil has certain antioxidant and whitening activities,further provides a scientific basis for the deep processing,antioxidant and whitening application of the R. rugosa 'Hetian' essential oil. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Therapeutic effect and mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide on sodium iodoacetate-induced knee osteoarthritis rats ZHANG Yang, ZHANG Ning, XUAN Feng-xue, WANG Bo, YU Hai-tao, GUO Zi-heng, LI Gao-feng NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (11): 1821-1829.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.11.001 Abstract （357）      PDF（pc） （1182KB）（22）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide (SMP) on sodium iodoacetate-induced knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rats.The rat model of KOA was induced by injecting sodium iodoacetate into the knee joint.The rats were divided into a model group,low-dose and high-dose SMP groups (40 and 80 mg/kg),and a celecoxib group (20 mg/kg).Additionally,another 12 rats were selected as the sham operation group.Changes in relevant indexes were assessed after four weeks of continuous intervention.The results indicated that compared to the model group,rats in both low-dose and high-dose SMP groups exhibited a significant decrease in paw pressure score and gait score(P<0.05,P<0.01).Additionally,mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were significantly increased (P<0.01).The study also found that the pathological morphology of articular cartilage improved,as evidenced by a significant decrease in the Markin score (P<0.05,P<0.01).Furthermore,levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and C-terminal peptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) in serum,as well as mRNA expressions of Caspase-3 and B-lymphoblastoma-2 (Bcl-2) associated X protein (Bax) in articular cartilage were significantly decreased (P<0.05,P<0.01).On the other hand,osteocalcin (OCN) content in serum and Bcl-2 mRNA expression in articular cartilage were significantly increased (P<0.05,P<0.01).Moreover,the study observed a significant decrease in the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-1β (IL-1β),and IL-6 in synovial fluid,along with reduced expressions of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p-p38 MAPK) and phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) in articular cartilage (P<0.05,P<0.01).These results indicated that SMP had a therapeutic effect on sodium iodoacetate-induced KOA in rats. This effect was achieved through the improvement of bone metabolism,anti-apoptotic properties,and the inhibition of inflammation via the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Screening and optimization of essential oil extraction process model of Citrus × aurantium Changshan-huyou pericarp and its chemical constituents and antioxidant activity JIANG Li-jie, WEN Le-le, SHI Jia-yi, DENG Ya-hui, LIU Ju-zhao, YUAN Qiang, CUI Qi NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (7): 1101-1111.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.7.001 Abstract （351）      PDF（pc） （1508KB）（42）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to study the chemical constituent of essential oil from Citrus × aurantium Changshan-huyou pericarp (CP) and optimize the extraction conditions.The essential oil constituents in CP were extracted by steam distillation,and GC-MS was applied to qualitatively analyze the chemical constituents of essential oil in CP.The single-factor test was used to investigate the effect of different extraction conditions on the extraction yield of essential oil.Response surface methodology optimization and artificial neural network were used to screen the optimal extraction process of essential oil.The results showed that the main constituents in CP essential oil was D-limonene.The optimal technological parameters were as follows:particle size of 24 mesh,distilled water soaking for 1 h,liquid-solid ratio 34.86 mL/g,extraction temperature 300.00 ℃,extraction time 166.21 min,under these conditions,the extraction yield of the essential oil was 0.82%.The combination of response surface methodology and artificial neural network can effectively optimize the target by using the existing data.Meanwhile,CP essential oil possessed significant scavenging ability on DPPH free radical (IC50 value = 65.01 mg/mL),indicating that CP essential oil had a certain degree of antioxidant activity. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of plant polyphenols on hair dyeing properties of walnut green husk pigment CONG Jun-zhao, MIAO Qi, XU Huai-de, ZHAI Mei-zhi, WANG Jun, LUO An-wei, LI Mei NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (10): 1777-1786.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.10.014 Abstract （347）      PDF（pc） （2579KB）（12）       Knowledge map    Save Walnut green husk pigment (WGHP),a natural plant dye,has poor coloring capacity,which limits its application.This study selected six natural plant polyphenols (gallic acid,tannic acid,ferulic acid,chlorogenic acid,ellagic acid and catechin) to study their effects on the dyeing properties of WGHP.Based on this,the kinetics model of synergistic dyeing of polyphenols and juglone (the main chromogenic substance of WGHP) were explored.Interaction among juglone,polyphenols and human hair keratin was clarified by molecular docking technology.The results showed that gallic acid,tannic acid,ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid contributed to the dyeing of WGHP,improved color fastness of hair,and did not damage the structure of hair scales.Compared with hair dyed by WGHP,the UV resistance and breaking strength of hair dyed by WGHP with four polyphenols reduced,but they were still higher than those of uncolored hair.In addition,the adsorption process of juglone on hair did not conform kinetic model,while after adding gallic acid,tannic acid,and ferulic acid,respectively,the adsorption process of juglone on hair conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.Furthermore,chlorogenic acid enhanced the intermolecular binding ability among juglone,polyphenols and human hair keratin,while tannic acid weakened the intermolecular binding ability.Gallic acid,ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid increased the total number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds.This study can provide a theoretical reference for the development of natural walnut green husk hair dye. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Determination of flavonoids in Paeonia lactiflora flower extracts and their in vitro antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities ZHU Juan, WANG Yi-han, CHEN Li-li, QU Wen-xin, LIU Rong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (11): 1838-1844.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.11.003 Abstract （344）      PDF（pc） （962KB）（17）       Knowledge map    Save This paper presents a comparative study of flavonoid content,in vitro antioxidant activity and lipid-lowering activity of different solvent extracts of Paeonia lactiflora flower. In this paper, the flavonoid content was determined by NaNO2-Al(NO3)3 colorimetric method,the antioxidant capacity of P. lactiflora flower extract was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging rate,ABTS radical scavenging rate,and total reducing capacity,and the lipid-lowering activity of P. lactiflora flower extract was evaluated by pancreatic lipase inhibition capacity,bile-acid-binding capacity,and cholesterol-adsorption capacity.The results showed that the total flavonoid content of the low-eutectic solvent extract was higher than that of the ethanol extract,and also the low-eutectic solvent extraction method improved the antioxidant activity and lipid-lowering activity of P. lactiflora flower extracts,and the IC50 values of the low-eutectic solvent extracts for the scavenging of ABTS free radicals were 0.256 mg/mL,and for the scavenging of DPPH free radicals,the IC50 values of the low-eutectic solvent extracts for the scavenging of DPPH free radicals were 0.296 mg/mL;and the IC50 values for the inhibition of pancreatic Lipase half inhibitory concentration was 0.788 mg/mL,the IC50 values for sodium cholate,sodium taurocholate and sodium glycinate binding were 0.883,0.841,0.850 mg/mL,respectively,and the maximum adsorption of cholesterol was 6.28 mg/g when the dosage of P. lactiflora flower crude extract was 0.5 g. Therefore,low eutectic solvent can be used as a suitable extraction solvent for extracting antioxidant and lipid-lowering components from P. lactiflora flower,and the extracts have better antioxidant and lipid-lowering potentials,which can provide theoretical basis for the subsequent high-value utilization of P. lactiflora flower.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the quantitative analysis and quality difference evaluation of Eupatorii Herba from different producing areas LU Li-xin, ZHENG Lei, LI Zhi-ming, SONG Chao NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (8): 1409-1419.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.8.015 Abstract （330）      PDF（pc） （1266KB）（13）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to establish a method for simultaneous determination of 11 components of Eupatorii Herba from different producing areas,and to evaluate its quality difference by chemical pattern recognition and grey relational analysis (GRA).The 18 batches of Eupatorii Herba samples from eight provinces were collected.A high performance liquid chromatography method was used to simultaneous determine contents of rutoside,isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside,luteolin,quercetin,taraxasterol,β-sitosterol,stigmasterol,fumaric acid,succinic acid,1,2-benzopyrone and eupatolide,and the multi-components quantitative control mode of Eupatorii Herba was established. Chemical pattern recognition and GRA were used to establish the quality difference evaluation model of Eupatorii Herba,and the overall quality was evaluated comprehensively. Under the constructed chromatographic conditions,the methodological validation of the external standard method meets the requirements of the pharmacopoeia;There was basically no difference in the detection results between (quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single-marker,QAMS) method and external standard method.The chemical recognition pattern results indicated that 18 batches of samples were clustered into three categories;rutoside,stigmasterol,luteolin,quercetin,1,2-benzopyrone and β- sitosterol may be the main potential markers affecting the quality of Eupatorii Herba. The results of GRA showed that the relative correlation of 18 batches of Eupatorii Herba were 0.418 5,0.477 9,0.544 6,0.503 5,0.509 9,0.544 0,0.486 8,0.338 8,0.354 8,0.360 8,0.329 8,0.291 0,0.618 6,0.627 3,0.644 7,0.662 7,0.546 2 and 0.570 5,respectively indicating that the overall quality of Eupatorii Herba from Jiangsu,Hebei and Shandong were better.The established QAMS method for simultaneous determination of 11 components in Eupatorii Herba are convenient and accurate.Chemical pattern recognition and GRA method are objective and comprehensive,which can be used to evaluate the quality difference of Eupatorii Herba from different origin. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Differential analysis of volatile metabolites in different parts of Cinnamomum camphor by widely-targeted volatilomics method LEI Jin-mei, JIANG Bing-bing, YANG Fang, GUO Cun-wu, XIA Yu-xin, DENG Xiu-juan, LIU Xiao-hui, WANG Bai-juan﹡ NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (10): 1679-1691.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.10.004 Abstract （329）      PDF（pc） （1724KB）（18）       Knowledge map    Save Cinnamomum camphor is a valuable aromatic plant resource.Studying the volatile components of different parts of C. camphor can provide a basis for further extraction and screening of natural active substances.In this study,fresh leaves and fruits of C. camphor were used as materials,and the headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used for broad targeted metabolomics analysis.A total of 1 158 secondary metabolites were detected in leaves and fruits,including 16 categories,such as terpenes,esters,heterocyclic compounds,hydrocarbons,ketones and aldehydes,among which terpenes,esters and heterocyclic compounds accounted for the highest proportion of secondary metabolites.PCA and cluster analysis showed that compared with the fruits,there were 141 up-regulated metabolites and 417 down-regulated metabolites.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differential metabolites of leaves and fruits mainly involved in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpene and triterpenes,monoterpenes,phenylpropanoids and other pathways.The terpenes were the main volatile components in C. camphor while the relative contents of terpenes in leaves and in fruits accounted for 92.33% and 82.73%,respectively.The results revealed the categories and relative content of secondary metabolites in leaves and fruits of C. camphor were quite different.This study provided a theoretical guidance for the fine exploitation and utilization of leaves and fruits of C. camphor. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents from EtOAc extract of Pinelliae Rhizoma and their anti-inflammatory activity XIE An-qi, CHI Jun, ZHANG Wei-jin, WANG Zhi-min, DAI Li-ping NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (8): 1339-1349.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.8.007 Abstract （329）      PDF（pc） （832KB）（28）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to invstigate the chemical constituents from Pinelliae Rhizoma and their anti-inflammatory activity.Twenty-six compounds were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate extract of Pinelliae Rhizoma silica gel,MCI,ODS and Toyopearl HW-40C column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC methods.Their chemical structures were elucidated by physiochemical properties and spectral data as cyclo-(L-Pro-8-hydroxy-D-Ile) (1),cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Leu) (2),cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) (3),cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Val) (4),adenosine (5),5′-S-methyl-5′-thioadenosine (6),2′-methoxyadenosine (7),adenine (8),1,8,15-triazecycloterpine-2,9,16-trione (9),1,8,15,22-tetraazacyclooctacosane-2,9,16,23-tetraketone (10),1,8,15,22,29-pentaaza-pentadecane-2,9,16,23,30-pentanone (11),diethylene glycol azelate (12),glycerol monopalmitate (13),glycerin monolinoleate (14),9,12-octadecadienoic acid N-(2-hydroxyethyl) (15),2-butoxyethyl linolenate (16),(2S)-1-O-(9Z,12Z-octadecandienyl)-3-O-β-galactosyl glycerol (17),β-sitosteryl-3β-glucopyranoside-6′-O-palmitate (18),bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (19),lariciresinol (20),lariciresinol-9-O-β-glucopyranoside (21),(+)-epipinoresinol-4′-O-β-glucopyranoside (22),(+)-isolariciresinol-9′-O-β-glucopyranoside (23),(+)-isolariciresinol-9-O-β-glucopyranoside (24),vanillic acid (25),and (E)-p-coumaroyl alcohol (26).Compounds 1,3,4,8-12,15,16,19 and 23 were isolated from Pinelliae Rhizoma for the first time. Some of isolated compounds were further evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells. The results showed that compounds 2,3,11,16 and 21 had inhibitory effects on NO release, and compound 16 had stronger NO inhibition effect with IC50 values of 10.47 ± 0.89 μmol/L. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of Poria cocos polysaccharides on glucose and lipid metabolism and oxidative stress disorders in diabetic mice ZHANG Shu-jing, NING Zhen-zhen NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2025, 37 (2): 195-203.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2025.2.001 Abstract （323）      PDF（pc） （1464KB）（32）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to investigate the ameliorative effects and mechanisms of Poria cocos polysaccharide (PCP) on glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative stress, in a diabetic model of C57BL/6J mice. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in the mice through a combination of a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The mice were then randomly divided into five groups: normal control, diabetic control, low-dose PCP group (50 mg/kg), high-dose PCP group (100 mg/kg), and rosiglitazone group(RSG). After receiving the corresponding treatments and being gavaged continuously for six weeks, the blood glucose, insulin, hepatic glycogen, muscular glycogen, blood lipids, and oxidative stress indicators were measured. Western blot analysis was conducted to assess the protein levels of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (AKT). To investigate the role of GLUT2 in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative stress by PCP, the mice were injected with adenoviral vectors encoding GLUT2 shRNA (Ad-GLUT2 shRNA) via their tail veins. The results demonstrated that PCP significantly enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in the mice,resulting in decreased levels of fasting blood glucose and insulin.Additionally,it increased hepatic and muscle glycogen levels,indicating its anti-hyperglycemic effect.Simultaneously,PCP significantly reduced body weight,liver tissue weight,epididymal fat weight,and subcutaneous fat weight in the mice.Furthermore,it improved lipid profiles by lowering total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),and free fatty acid (FFA) levels,while elevating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels.Furthermore,PCP alleviated oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities,such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),and reducing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA).Mechanistic studies revealed that PCP promoted glucose uptake and utilization by activating the glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway,thereby regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.Furthermore,PCP augmented the expression of antioxidant genes,including NRF2,HO-1,and NQO-1,thereby further ameliorating oxidative stress conditions.GLUT2 knockdown experiments further substantiated that PCP′s beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism,as well as oxidative stress,which were mediated through the modulation of GLUT2 expression.In summary,Poria cocos polysaccharide demonstrates notable anti-hyperglycemic,hypolipidemic,and antioxidant properties in diabetic models,furnishing a scientific rationale for the potential development of PCP as an adjunctive therapeutic agent in the management of diabetes. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Structural characterization of Cordyceps polysaccharides and their effects and mechanisms in improving efferocytosis YANG Xing-mao, YANG Cai-xia, ZHOU Xiao-tong, LIAO Zhen-yue, LIU Si-jing, GUO Jin-lin NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (8): 1288-1297.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.8.002 Abstract （322）      PDF（pc） （1850KB）（25）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of Cordyceps polysaccharides (CSP) in improving macrophage efferocytosis function based on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPAR-γ).The CSP was extracted by hydro-alcohol precipitation.The molecular weight distribution,monosaccharide composition and methylation products of CSP were detected by high performance liquid gel chromatography,PMP-high performance liquid chromatography and methylation analysis,respectively.The effects of CSP on mouse macrophage cell viability,efferocytosis-related genes and efferocytosis rate were determined by CCK-8 assay,real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and flow cytometry,respectively.The effect of CSP on PPAR-γ expression and nuclear localization was observed by immunofluorescence.Si-RNA was then used to knock down PPAR-γ to verify the possible target genes and signaling pathways of CSP.The results showed that the CSP contained 72.9% polysaccharides,with a molecular weight distribution of 21.9,2 100 kDa and more than 50 000 kDa.The CSP was mainly composed of glucose,galactose and mannose,and it contains six main glycosidic bonds.Compared with the model group,CSP increased the expression of efferocytosis-related genes TAM receptor tyrosine kinase (Tyro3/Axl/Mer receptor tyrosine kinase,TAM),milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (Mfge8) and the efferocytosis rate of macrophages (P<0.05).Meanwhile,CSP promoted the protein expression of PPAR-γ (P<0.001) with nuclear translocation.In addition,the ability of CSP to promote the expression of macrophage efferocytosis-related genes was significantly affected after knockdown of PPAR-γ (P<0.05).Our study suggests that CSP may enhance oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced macrophage efferocytosis through activating PPAR-γ signaling pathway. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on chemical constituents of Eclipta prostrata and their inhibitory effect on neuroinflammation LIU Chun, YAO Min, JIN Jing-wei, GAN Li-she, ANG Song, WU Ri-hui, LI Dong-li NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (8): 1330-1338.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.8.006 Abstract （318）      PDF（pc） （949KB）（26）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to investigate the chemical constituents and inhibitory effect on neuroinflammation of Eclipta prostrata. D101 macroporous resin,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,and semi-prepared high-performance liquid chromatography were used to isolated and purified the chemical constituents of 95% ethanol extract Eclipta prostrata. Twenty monomer compounds were identified as 3,4-seco-olean-12-en-4-ol-3,28-dioic acid (1),echinocystic acid (2),eclalbasaponin Ⅱ(3),eclalbasaponin I (4),ecliptasaponin B (5),eclalbasaponin Ⅳ (6),eclalbasaponin Ⅵ (7),eclalbasaponin Ⅶ(8),orobol (9),apigenin (10),cirsimaritin (11),nobiletin (12),luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (13),aurantiamide acetate (14),plantagoguanidinic acid (15),plumbagine B (16),wedelolactone (17),pinoresinol (18),α-formylterthienyl (19),and α-terthienylmethanol (20) based on the nuclear magnetic nuclear resonance (NMR) data and comparison with corresponding data of the reported literatures.Compounds 1,14,and 15 were isolated from E. prostrata for the first time.Some of the isolated compounds were assessed for their inhibitory effects on neuroinflammation by detecting NO level in BV2 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS),compound 15 significantly reduced NO release in LPS-induced BV2 cells with an IC50 of 37.3 μmol/L and showed no cytotoxicity.Guanidine alkaloid 15 was first reported with anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced BV2 cells. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Blood-absorbed components of Banxia Xiexin Tang and the mechanism of its therapeutic effect on spleen deficiency type ulcerative colitis based on UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and network pharmacology ZHU Hai-yan, YANG Fu-quan, ZUO Qin-chuan, FANG Zhi-yan, HUANG Li-li, HUAI Wen-ying, WANG Yan-qiu, ZHANG Tian-e NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (9): 1610-1624.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.9.017 Abstract （312）      PDF（pc） （4803KB）（18）       Knowledge map    Save This experiment first established a model of spleen deficiency type ulcerative colitis (UC),and then used high-throughput liquid chip technology to detect inflammatory cytokines in rat serum.HE staining was used to grade inflammation in colon tissue.All of the above are used to verify the pharmacological effect of Banxia Xiexin Tang(BXT) on spleen deficiency type colitis.Secondly,UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was used to analyze the components of BXT in rat blood,combined with network pharmacology,to explore the mechanism of action of BXT in treating UC of spleen deficiency type.The results showed that UC could increase the level of inflammatory factors interleukin-1α(IL-1α),interleukin-10(IL-10),interleukin-18(IL-18),interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in rat serum;BXT can decrease the content of serum inflammatory factor,and the effect of BXT high dose group (20 g/kg) was the most obvious,with no obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells.it is suggested that BXT has a certain therapeutic effect on UC with spleen deficiency.A total of 20 components were found in rat serum. On this basis,network pharmacological research has screened 87 targets targets related to BXT in the treatment of UC,involving inflammatory response,inflammatory response regulation,microbial response and other biological processes,participating in the IL-17 signaling pathway,Lipid and atherosclerosis,AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and TNF signaling pathway.The results suggest that the treatment of spleen deficiency type UC with BXT may be related to the inhibition of intestinal inflammation,the regulation of intestinal microbes and the protection of intestinal barrier,so as to achieve the therapeytic effect of UC. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents from the ethyl acetate extract of Cynanchum komarovii Al.Iljinski and their antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities SUN Ru-ru, YANG Jing-ling, NAN Ze-dong, JIANG Zhi-bo, MA Xiao-li NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (9): 1512-1518.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.9.006 Abstract （309）      PDF（pc） （768KB）（14）       Knowledge map    Save In order to systematically explore the active ingredients of the medicinal plant Cynanchum komarovii Al. Iljinski,compounds were isolated by various chromatographic techniques from the ethyl acetate extraction of C. komarovii whole plant,and their antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were also studied.As a result,ten compounds were obtained and their structures were identified by spectroscopy methods as 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyacetophenone (1),3,4-dimethoxyacetophenone (2),6,7 -dimethoxycoumarin (3),6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin (4),p-hydroxypropiophenone (5),p-hydroxyacetophenone (6),10a,12a-dimethyl-4,4a,4b,10b,11,12-hexahydro-3H-naphtho［2,1-f］chromene-2,8-dione (7),ent-13S-hydroxy-16-atisene-3,14-dione (8),3-indole formaldehyde (9),trans-cinnamic acid (10). Compounds 7-10 were isolated from C. komarovii for the first time.The antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of these compounds were investigated by using the DPPH free radical method and colorimetric method with L-tyrosine as substrate.The results showed that compounds 1,2,4 and 5 have certain scavenging ability on DPPH free radicals with the IC50 of 37.3,44.3,51.4 and 48.2 μg/mL,respectively.Compounds 1,2,3,4 and 6 showed significant tyrosinase inhibitory effects with the IC50 of 15.7,22.3,8.3,7.1 and 39.8 μg/mL,respectively, which were stronger than the positive control arbutin. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Protective effect of oligomeric proanthocyanidins on the exercise-induced myocardial injury in rat and its mechanism REN Peng, LIN Dan-dan, NIE Yu, WANG Yi-feng, DONG Shi-wen, WANG Bo-yuan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (8): 1401-1408.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.8.014 Abstract （306）      PDF（pc） （1223KB）（10）       Knowledge map    Save The protective effects of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OP) on myocardial injury induced by long-time and intensive exercise and its potential mechanisms were investigated in this study.Wistar rats were subjected to six consecutive weeks of excessive swimming exercise training,in which two groups were gavaged with 50 mg/kg OP (OP50 group) and 100 mg/kg OP (OP100 group) daily,respectively,the model group (Mod) received an equal volume of saline,and the normal group (Nor) was used as control.Results showed that the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),creatine kinase (CK) and cardiac troponin (cTnI),the common markers of exercise-induced myocardial injury,were significantly elevated in the Mod group,and myocardial tissues showed obvious pathological morphology,and a marked inflammatory cell infiltration.In the OP50 and OP100 groups,LDH,CK and cTnI were significantly down-regulated,and the pathological changes in myocardial tissue were significantly reduced (P<0.05).In the Mod group,malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly in the myocardial tissues,the antioxidant enzymes glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased,and the nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) / heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathway was inhibited.In the OP50 and OP100 groups,the level of GSH and SOD was significantly up-regulated,and the expression of proteins in the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was significantly increased (P<0.05).The levels of inflammatory indicators,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β),were significantly increased in the Mod group,and the expression of key proteins in the thioredoxin-interacting protein/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (TXNIP/NLRP3) inflammatory response signaling pathway was significantly increased.The levels of the inflammatory factors were significantly down-regulated in both the OP50 and OP100 groups,and the expression of proteins in the TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway was significantly decreased in the OP100 group (P<0.05).In summary,OP supplementation has a significant protective effect on exercise-induced myocardial injury in rats,and this protective mechanism is involved in enhancing the myocardial Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway and inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammatory response signaling pathway. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Prediction of Q-Marker in Perilla frutescens(L.) Britt based on UPLC fingerprint and network pharmacology ZHANG Liang-qi, CHEN Fan, ZHANG Zi-an, LIN Yun, ZHOU Chun-jiao, TANG Zhuo-han, JIANG Xing-ming, XIAO Mei-feng NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (10): 1800-1812.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.10.016 Abstract （302）      PDF（pc） （3603KB）（13）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to analyze and predict the potential quality markers of different parts of Perilla frutescens(L.) Britt based on UPLC fingerprint analysis method and network pharmacology.The fingerprints of 15 batches of P. frutescens leaves and 14 batches of P. frutescens stems were established,and the components and contents of P. frutescens leaves and P. frutescens stems from different places of origin and batches were compared,and the common peaks and non-common peaks of different parts of P. frutescens were calibrated.Through network pharmacology to construct the visualization of ′target-protein′ interaction network in P. frutescens,a ′component-target′ network diagram was constructed to predict Q-Marker in P. frutescens.In this study,a total of five components were detected in the fingerprints of different parts of P. frutescens,among which rosmarinic acid,caffeic acid,luteolin-7-O-glucuronide and luteolinl-7-O-diglucuronide were common components of P. frutescens leaves and P. frutescens stems,and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide were unique components of P. frutescens leaves.Fourteen core targets including MAPK1, PIK3CA were screened by network pharmacology. GO and KEGG functional analysis of these targets showed that TNF, COVID-19, lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathway were involved, and “component-target-pathway”' network was finally constructed.  The top four target proteins and four components were selected for molecular docking verification,The results showed that there was a very good binding performance between the components and the proteins.Based on UPLC fingerprint analysis and network pharmacology,rosmarinic acid,caffeic acid,luteolin-7-O-glucuronide and luteolinl-7-O-diglucuronide were predicted to be potential Q-Marker for different parts of P. frutescens.highlighting the synergistic interactions of ‘multi-component multi-target multi-pathway’ in P. frutescens,which provided a theoretical framework for the quality control of P. frutescens,and also provided a robust foundation for the subsequent material basis and mechanism of P. frutescens. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the taxane diterpenoids in the branches and leaves of Taxus chinensis var. mairei from Yunnan Province and their myeloma cytotoxicity LIU Lin, HUANG Jian-yi, GUO Feng, ZANG Hao-jing, HAO Xiao-jiang, DI Ying-tong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (8): 1320-1329.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.8.005 Abstract （302）      PDF（pc） （910KB）（32）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to investigate the taxane diterpenoid constituents of Taxus chinensis var. mairei from Yunnan Province and their myeloma cytotoxic activities.Compounds were isolated and purified from the extract of the leaves and branches of Taxus chinensis var. mairei by using normal-phase,reversed-phase and size exclusion chromatography,and their structures were identified by NMR spectroscopic methods.The isolated compounds were screened for activity against NEK2 over expression myeloma cell proliferation using a CCK-8 assay.Sixteen taxane diterpenoids were obtained and identified as 13-cinnamoyloxy-1-dehydroxy baccatin IV (1),taxusin (2),5α-cinnamoyloxy-9α,10β,13α-triacetoxytaxa-4 (20),11-diene (3),7-deacetoxy taxinine J (4),hongdoushan A (5),11-diene-2α,5α,9α,10β,13β-pentol-2α,9α,10β,13α-tetraacetate-5α-cinnamate (6),taxezopidine H (7),taxinine B (8),taxuyunnanine C (9),1-deoxybaccatin VI (10),19-hydroxybaccatin III (11),baccatin III (12),7,9,13-trideacetyl baccatin VI (13),10-deacetylbaccatin III (14),taxol (15),7-epi-taxol (16).Compound 1 was a new taxane diterpenoid,while compounds 5 and 13 were isolated from Taxus chinensis var. mairei for the first time.The results indicated that compounds 2,6,7 and 11 had notable inhibitory activity on NEK2 over expression myeloma cell proliferation (IC50=24.0,23.5,26.1,18.3μmol/L),and compound 16 (IC50=0.6 μmol/L) had a significant effect. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents from n-butyl alcohol extracts of Moutan Cortex LU Cai-xia, KONG Chui-hao, TANG Xu, WU Si-yu, ZHANG Cui, WU De-ling, WANG Ren-zhong, XU Feng-qing NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (10): 1714-1720.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.10.008 Abstract （293）      PDF（pc） （603KB）（10）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to investigate the chemical constitutes of n-butyl alcohol extracts from the 85% ethanol extract of the Moutan Cortex.Compounds were isolated and purified via combinative chromatographic techniques,including macroporous resin,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 gel,along with mid-pressure and semi-preparative reversed-phase chromatography.The structures of monomeric compounds were elucidated by the data of NMR and MS.Sixteen compounds were obtained and identified as 5-hydroxy-3S-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (1),(S)-(6-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)methanol (2),4-thujone-7-hydroxyl-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3),resacetophenone (4),acetoisovanillone (5),2,5-dihydrox-4-methoxyacetophenone (6),3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl) propan-1,2-diol (7),erythro-1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propan-1,2-diol (8),thero-1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propan-1,2-diol (9),(+)-catechin (10),(+)-catechin -7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11),p-hydroxybenzoic acid β-D-glucopyranoside (12),β-D-glucopyranosyl benzoate (13),ethyl gallate (14),gallicin (15) and vanillic acid (16),respectively.Among them,compounds 2,7-9 and 11-16 were obtained from the genus Paeonia for the first time.Activity screening showed that 1 inhibited the NO,TNF-α and IL-6 inflammatory cytokines levels with IC50 of 15.67±1.20,18.59±1.27 and 15.79±1.20 μmol/L in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents from Fallopia cynanchoides (Hemsl.) Harald.var. cynanchoides YAN Wen-si, ZHANG Yan, GU Pei-shan, ZENG Zi-qian, HE Xin, SU Xiang-dong, XUE Yong-bo NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (9): 1519-1527.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.9.007 Abstract （291）      PDF（pc） （702KB）（19）       Knowledge map    Save To study the chemical constituents of the whole plant of Fallopia cynanchoides (Hemsl.) Harald. var. cynanchoides,seventeen compounds were isolated and purified by various modern chromatographic techniques,including normal phase and reverse phase silica gel column chromatography,Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,semi-preparative HPLC.NMR,MS and other related spectroscopic analyses were used to identify their structures.The isolated compounds were identified as lyoniresinol (1),β-D-(1-O-acetyl-3,6-O-trans-diferuloyl)-fructofuranosyl-α-D-2′,4′,6′-O-triacetylglucopyranoside (2),p-hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate (3),(3S,5R,6S,7E)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (4),2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone (5),2-methyl-5-(2′-oxo-4′-hydroxypentyl)-7-hydroxychromone (6),2-(2′-hydroxypropyl)-5-methyl-7-hydroxychromone (7),2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone (8),2-methyl-5-acetonyl-7-hydroxychromone (9),emodin (10),quercetin (11),(+)-taxifolin (12),3,7-dimethoxy-5,3′,4′-trihydroxy-flavone (13),caffeic acid methyl ester (14),protocatechuic acid ethyl ester (15),(2aS,3aS)-lyciumamide D (16),and 3-acetyl-4,5-dimethoxy-benzoic acid (17).This was the first report of the presernce of compounds 1-7,9,13,14,16,and 17 in the genus Fallopia. Compounds 1-9 and 11-17 were first identified from F.  cynanchoides var. cynanchoides.The 70% ethanol extract showed obvious ABTS+ radicals scavenging effect with IC50 value of 14.21 μg/mL;further in vitro bioassay indicated that compounds 1-3，11，13-17 showed moderate ABTS+ radicals scavenging activities. Among them,compounds 1,13,14 demonstrated significant antioxidant effects with IC50 values of 15.30,16.97 and 17.53 μmol/L,which were better than that of positive medicine trolox (IC50 23.55 μmol/L).These findings provided an important foundation for the development and utilization of plant resource of F.  cynanchoides var. cynanchoides. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effective components and mechanism of Peganum multisectum in the treatment of Alzheimer′s disease based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and network pharmacology CHENG Ya-min, HUANG Dan-rong, REN Jing-yu, FENG Zi-han, ZHOU Wen-bin, SHEN Gang-yi NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (10): 1787-1799.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.10.015 Abstract （289）      PDF（pc） （2584KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save This study explored the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of action of Peganum multisectum (Maxim.) Mobr.in treating Alzheimer′s disease (AD) through ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS),network pharmacology,and molecular docking techniques.Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS to analyze the main components of P. multisectum; Combined with the MS results,the active components of P. multisectum,corresponding target proteins,and disease targets were screened using databases such as SWISS ADME and GeneCards.Venn diagram analysis was performed to obtain intersected targets,which were then imported into Cytoscape 3.9.1 software and the STRING online analysis platform for protein-protein interaction analysis and construction of a drug-ingredient-target network.The relationship between the expression of core targets and the pathology of β-amyloids (Aβ) and microtubule associated protein (Tau) was analyzed using the differentially expressed module of the AlzDate database.GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted using the DAVID database;Autodock Vina software was utilized to construct molecular docking models between core targets and active components.A total of thirty-four major components were identified from P. multisectum,including ten alkaloids,five flavonoids,five amino acids,five terpenes,two nucleosides,three phenolic acids,and four other compounds.Network pharmacology analysis results showed that major active components such as evodiamine,β-sitosterol,β-stigmastenone,and harmine can regulate a series of biological processes,molecular functions,and signaling pathways related to the pathogenesis of AD by acting on targets,thereby regulating cholinergic system and function,reducing Aβ damage,regulating microcirculation and neuronal cell system and function for the treatment of AD.The results of molecular docking showed that evodiamine,β-sitosterol,β-stigmastenone,and harmine had good affinities to core targets such as MAPK3 and STAT3.This study preliminarily reveals the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of P. multisectum in the treatment of AD,providing a basis for clinical application and drug development. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents from Nelumbinis Plumula and their protective effects on cardiac muscle cell LI Jia-dong, GAO Han, LI Ying-zhe, ZHANG Gui-lan, WU Tao NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (7): 1158-1165.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.7.007 Abstract （284）      PDF（pc） （832KB）（15）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to investigate the chemical constituents from Nelumbinis Plumula and their protective effects on cardiac muscle cell.Fourteen compounds were isolated and purified from 80% ethanol extract by various column chromatography techniques,and identified by 1H NMR,13C NMR and other spectroscopic techniques.The compounds were screened for cardiomyocyte protective activity.Fourteen compounds were identified as naringin (1),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-rutinoside (2),apigenin-6-C-β-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (3),luteolin-7-O-β-D-neohesperidoside (4),luteolin-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5),apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6),hesperidin (7),isoschaftoside (8),pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), p-coumaric acid-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), p-coumaric acid (11),phenethyl-6-O-α-L-arabinfuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (12),icariside D1 (13),icariside F2 (14).Compounds 1-6,9,and 11-14 were firstly isolated from Nelumbinis Plumula.Flavonoids compounds 1-8 showed significant protective effects against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in HL-1 cardiomyocytes,as well as promoting effects on STAT3 expression in HL-1-STAT3-Luc cells in dose-dependent manner. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Advance in chemical constituents,pharmacological activities and applications of Chrysanthemum morifolium LYU Ke, WANG Zhong-hua NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊1): 173-181.   Abstract （283）      PDF（pc） （1240KB）（21）       Knowledge map    Save Chrysanthemi Flos is the dry flower head of Chrysanthemum morifolium in Compositae.It has been known as an ornamental plant since ancient times,and also as a plant with the same origin of medicine and food.According to the application mode,practical chrysanthemums can be divided into three categories:medicinal chrysanthemums,edible chrysanthemums and tea chrysanthemums.Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition) classifies chrysanthemum as a medicinal and edible plant,which is divided into five medicinal varieties:Gongju,Hangju,Chuju,Qianju and Huaiju due to its different producing areas and growing environments.At present,there is not much research on medicinal chrysanthemum,and the work on germplasm resources of medicinal chrysanthemum is not comprehensive.In this paper,the main components,biological functions and biosynthetic pathways of chrysanthemum in recent years were analyzed and summarized. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comprehensive quality evaluation of Eucommiae Folium through multi-component content analysis and chemical pattern recognition CHU Rui, FAN Jiu-yu, XIA Yue, WEN Xing-jian, LI Sheng-rong, LI Na NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (10): 1670-1678.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.10.003 Abstract （280）      PDF（pc） （1544KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was utilized to establish a comprehensive evaluation methodology involving multiple indices,aimed at pinpointing the optimal harvest period for Eucommiae Folium (EF).An HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of five components,including chlorogenic acid,geniposide acid,pinoresinol diglucoside,rutin and quercetin.The content of total flavonoids was measured using ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV),whereas the alcoholic extract content adhered to the criteria outlined in the Chinese Pharmacopeia.It was observed that the highest levels of total flavone occurred in August,chlorogenic acid peaked in June,and pinoresinol diglucoside and rutin reached their highest levels in September.Months with high comprehensive scores were identified as June and August through November.Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were employed to compare the contents of the five components in EF,indicating substantial differences during various harvest times.In this study,an overall and comprehensive scoring model was established to optimize the harvesting time of EF.Furthermore,it was noted that weights for single or multiple chemical composition indexes could be adjusted subjectively based on specific usage needs to better guide actual production and application.Moreover,the validated HPLC fingerprint methodology coupled with the assessment of multi-component content represents a streamlined yet practicable strategy,furnishing invaluable insights for quality assurance protocols and informing the strategic exploration and utilization of EF resources. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the improvement effect and mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on diabetic nephropathy in mice MA Guang-li, XIA Xiao-pei NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (6): 938-945.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.6.003 Abstract （271）      PDF（pc） （1796KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save The study investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) on diabetic nephropathy (DN) in mice.After successfully establishing a DN mouse model,GLP intervention was administered.The fasting blood glucose and 24-hour urinary protein content of the mice were measured,and the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) were determined.Eosin and Masson′s trichrome staining were used to observe the renal pathological morphology.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interleukin-10(IL-10).Western blot was utilized to detect the expression of receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE),collagen type IV(COL-IV),and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS).Mice in the DN group exhibited increased levels of fasting blood glucose,24-hour urinary protein,BUN,and Scr as well as elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in renal tissue (P< 0.05),and decreased levels of serum IL-10 (P< 0.05).The expression of RAGE,COL-IV,and iNOS proteins was also increased (P< 0.05).In contrast,mice in the treatment group showed improvements in pathological damage and fibrosis,with quantitative indicators showing significant amelioration.GLP could ameliorate DN in mice,and the mechanism is associated with the inhibition of the RAGE signaling pathway. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of Cistanche tubulosa water extract in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy based on UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS/MS and network pharmacology LIU Tian-hua, GENG Ruo-yu, ZHAO Yao, WANG Bai-cai, MA Chong, YANG Jian-hua, HU Jun-ping NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (7): 1242-1256.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.7.017 Abstract （261）      PDF（pc） （2643KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the chemical composition of the aqueous extract of Cistanche tubulosa(AECT) and the mechanism of action of AECT in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN),UPLC-MS/MS was used to analyse and identify the compounds,Using PubChem,GeneCards,OMIM,DAVID and other databases,we predicted the targets and pathways of the compounds to prevent and control DN,performed GO and KEGG enrichment analysis on the core genes,and constructed a visual ‘compound -target - pathway’ network diagram using Cytoscape software.Determination of Anti-DN Activity of AECT by MTT Method,Biochemical kits were used to detect the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).ELISA was used to measure the levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β),tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α),and transforming growth factor (TGF-β).Detection of apoptosis was performed using the Annexin V-FITC/PI assay.Western blot was performed to detect the expression of relevant proteins.AECT contained 84 chemical components,with 15 compounds identified as possible cleavage pathways.Screening 70 potential targets and multiple signaling pathways of AECT for the treatment of DN.The results of the in vitro experiments showed that AECT increased the survival of HK-2 cells and inhibited apoptosis in a high-sugar and high-fat environment,And SOD activity and GSH-Px content were up-regulated,while the expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β,TNF-α and TGF-β were inhibited.The Western blot results indicate that AECT has an impact on the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.This study investigates the potential targets and mechanisms of action of the main active ingredients in AECT for the treatment of DN.The findings suggest avenues for further research into the use of AECT for DN treatment. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）