This study aims to investigate the molecular diversity of secondary metabolites of symbiotic fungus Penicillium onobense JW13-1 from Sphagnum palustre L. in Jinggangshan by using one strain many compounds strategy. The fermentation products were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, sephadex column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The chemical structures of compounds were identified by NMR and ESI-MS, which conducted preliminary evaluation of the antibacterial activity. Eight meroterpenoids were obtained and their structures were elucidated as asperanstinoid D (1), dehydroaustinn(2), austin (3), acetoxydehydroaustin (4), austinol (5), austinolide (6), 11β-acetoxyisoaustinone (7), and isoaustinol (8). The antibacterial activity results showed that compounds 1-3 had certain inhibitory activity against staphylococcus aureus, indicating that the strain had the potential to produce natural products with antibacterial activity.