This study aims to investigate the sesquiterpenoids from the fruits of Cinnamomum migao and evaluate their neuroprotective effects.The ethanol extract from the fruits of C. migao was isolated and purified by silica gel and reversed phase column chromatography,semi-preparative HPLC.Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties,comprehensive spectral data combined with relevant literatures.Twenty-five sesquiterpenes were isolated from the fruits of C. migao,which were identified as camganoid B (1),4,10-diepi-guaiol (2),guaiol (3),bulnesol (4),magnodelavin C (5),(4S,5R,7S)-4,11-dihydroxy-guaia-1(2),9(10)-dien (6),(11S,4S,5S,7R)-4,13-dihydroxyguaia-10-ene (7),pancherione (8),lancilimbnoid D (9),lancilimbnoid E (10),alpinenone (11),litsemene B (12),stachytriol (13),α-eudesmol (14),β-eudesmol (15),6α-hydroxy-4(15)-eudesmen-1-one (16),ent-4(15)-eudesmen-1α,11-diol (17),7-epi-4-eudesmene-1β,11-diol (18),rosifoliol (19),6,8-cycloeudesm-4(15)-en-1-ol (20),1-oxo-5α,7αH-eudesma-3-en-14-al (21),carissone (22),anhuienosol (23),4-eudesmene-1β,11-diol (24),α-cyperone (25).Compounds 2-7,9-25 were isolated from C. migao for the first time.The results of neuroprotective effects showed that compounds 3,10,12,19 exhibited protective activity against N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells at 30 μmol/L.In conclusion,this finding enriched the chemical composition of C. migao,and provided a reference for the development and utilization of the plant resource in the future.