With analyzing the gene expression profile of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (MCDM) by bioinformatics methods,we may obtain its key genes and signaling pathways to explore the molecular mechanism of MCDM and predict the potential traditional Chinese medicine.The gene expression profile of MCDM was downloaded from the GSE43950 dataset.We screened the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with GEO2R online analysis tool.Pathway and functional enrichment analyses was performed by using DAVID database online analysis tool,such as gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment.Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was visualized.The key genes were identified by using STRING online analysis tool,Cytoscape software and its plug-in cytoHubba.Then the key genes and the medical ontology information retrieval platform (coremine medical) were mapped against each other to single out the Chinese medicine for the treatment of MCDM and construct the network of “drug-active constituent-target”.Finally,a total of 692 DEGs were obtained,including 121 up-regulated genes and 571 down-regulated genes.The GO function and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs involved in the biological processes such as blood coagulation,hemostasis,neutrophil activation immune response,core promoter sequence specific DNA binding and participated in some signaling pathways,including MAPK signaling pathway,AGE-RAGE signaling pathway,NF-κB signaling pathway and toll like receptor signaling pathway,etc.Ten hub genes were extracted from the Cytoscape software,which were CD4,IL1B,TLR4,TLR2,ITGAM,CD86,CSF1R,TLR8,CYBB,TLR1.Through screening of key genes,the potential Chinese medicine for treating MCDM including Scutellariae Radix,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Cyathulae Radix,Curcumae Radix.These key genes including TLR2,TLR4 and IL1B may play an important role in the development of MCDM,Scutellariae Radix,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Cyathulae Radix,Curcumae Radix may become the potential molecular medicine sources for treating MCDM.