To provide a reference for improving the quality standard of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus,the ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) fingerprint of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and the contents of six lignans by a method of quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) were established.The fingerprints of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus were established by UPLC and the UPLC fingerprints were analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) with schisantherin A as the internal reference,QAMS was established for the determinations of schisantherin C,schisantherin B,anwuligan,schisandrin A and schisantherin D,and compared with the results of external standard method (ESM) to determine the accuracy of the method.Fifteen common peaks were marked in the fingerprints of 14 batches of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus,seven of which were identified by comparison with reference substance,including protocatechuic acid,schisantherin C,schisantherin A,schisantherin B,anwuligan,schisandrin A,schisantherin D.The fingerprint similarities were above 0.95.Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus can be divided into four categories by HCA and OPLS-DA.The nine components,including peak 1 (protocatechuic acid),peak 2,peak 4,peak 6,peak 7 (schisantherin B),peak 8,peak 9,peak 12,and peak 15,were the main makers of the difference in origin.There was no significant difference between the contents of schisantherin C,schisantherin B,anwuligan,schisantherin A,and schisantherin B determined by QAMS and ESM.The method is simple and reliable,providing a reference for the quality evaluation of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus.