Abstract:

This study endeavors to comprehensively analyze the chemical composition of essential oil (EO) derived from various basil varieties,juxtapose their biological activities,and delve into the intrinsic correlations between their composition and biological efficacy.GC-MS was employed to elucidate the chemical profiles of EO obtained from Ocimum basilicum L.(OBEO),Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora (OTEO),and Ocimum citriodorum (OCEO).A systematic evaluation and comparison of their antioxidant,antibacterial,and transdermal permeation-enhancing properties were conducted through the DPPH radical scavenging assay,antibacterial susceptibility testing,and in vitro skin permeation studies.The GC-MS analysis revealed that the principal constituents of these three basil EO predominantly consist of ethers,phenols,terpenes,and alcohols,albeit with notable variations in their relative proportions.Notably,OBEO exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity,as evidenced by an IC₅₀ value of 1.30 mg/mL,and demonstrated the most pronounced antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli (P<001).In contrast,OTEO displayed superior activity against Candida albicans (P<0.05).Furthermore,all three basil EO exhibited commendable transdermal permeation-enhancing capabilities,with OBEO and OCEO particularly excelling,as they augmented the permeation efficiency of ibuprofen gel by 49.63% and 38.95%,respectively,compared to azone.The observed disparities in the chemical composition of these basil EO significantly influenced their biological activities.OBEO emerged as the most effective in terms of antioxidant and antibacterial properties,while OCEO showcased distinct advantages in enhancing transdermal permeation.These findings offer invaluable theoretical insights for the application of basil EO in optimizing traditional Chinese medicine formulations and advancing pharmaceutical formulation development.

Key words:

"> basil essential oil, composition analysis, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, transdermal permeation