To establish a method for UPLC fingerprints and multi-component quantitation of Citri Fructus (CF) and provide a basis for distinguishing CF from its adulterants, UPLC was employed to construct fingerprints of CF and its adulterants with similarity evaluation. Additionally, content determination of six major components was conducted, and the results were analyzed using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) via SIMCA software to evaluate differences between CF and its adulterants. The results revealed distinct differences in the fingerprints of the two original varieties of CF: Citrus medica fruit (CMF) and Citrus wilsonii fruit (CWF), and its adulterants: Citri Sarcodactylis fruit (CSF) and Citrus grandis immature fruit (CGF). Although the fingerprints of CMF and CSF were similar, peaks 2 and 3 in CMF were absent in CSF, while peak 9 (5,7-dimethoxycoumarin) in CSF exhibited a significantly higher peak area compared to CMF. CWF and CGF shared similarities in their UPLC fingerprints, but peak 9 in CWF was undetected in CGF, and peaks 5, 7 and 8 in CGF were absent in CWF. These differences in common peaks effectively distinguished CMF, CWF, and their adulterants. Six components including vicenin Ⅱ, naringin, rhoifolin, hesperidin, diosmin and 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin demonstrated excellent linear relationships (r ≥ 0.999 0) within their respective concentration ranges. The recovery rates ranged from 98.90% to 106.0%, with relative standard deviations below 2.2%. The average content of naringin in CGF (98.280 mg/g) was slightly higher than that in CWF (85.770 mg/g), while the average content of 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin in CSF (1.160 mg/g) was significantly higher than that in CMF (0.080 mg/g). The four varieties were effectively differentiated using the established OPLS-DA model. The developed method in this study is straightforward, reproducible, and provides a comprehensive foundation for establishing quality standards for CF.