To elucidate the volatile compounds in different tissues of fresh Trichosanthes kirilowii,this study employed GC-MS technology to determine and comparatively analyze the volatile components in five tissue parts:pericarp,seed,pulp,seed coat,and seed kernel.The results showed that a total of 117 compounds were isolated and identified from the five tissue parts.The pericarp,seed,and pulp contained 40,35,and 38 compounds respectively,with diisobutyl phthalate exhibiting the highest relative abundance at 23.100%,7.806%,and 13.967% correspondingly.The seed coat and seed kernel contained 67 and 57 compounds, respectively. The compounds with the highest relative content were (E,E)-2,4-decadienal and (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, accounting for 7.417% and 22.937% of their respective volatile oil components.Differential analysis of volatile components revealed that alkanes and esters constituted the major volatile fractions in pericarp,seed,and pulp,whereas the seed coat predominantly contained alkanes and aldehydes,and the seed kernel was dominated by aldehydes reaching 75.075%.Cluster analysis identified five common compounds across all tissues:n-hexanal,heneicosane,squalene,diisobutyl phthalate,and di-n-butyl phthalate.Significant interspecific variations were observed,with pericarp,seed,pulp,seed coat,and seed kernel containing 6,2,3,19,and 29 unique compounds respectively.The analysis of volatile components in different Trichosanthes kirilowii tissues provides theoretical foundation for its quality evaluation and comprehensive utilization.