This study aims to investigate the chemical constituents from Dryopteris Crassirhizomae Rhizoma and their anti-inflammatory activity.The ethanol extract from Dryopteris Crassirhizomae Rhizoma were isolated and purified by silica gel,sephadex LH-20,AB-8 macroporous resin polyamide column chromatography,and preparative HPLC and recrystallization.Structures of the obtained compounds were identified based on its physicochemical properties and spectral data.Twenty compounds were isolated and they were identified as filixicacid ABA (1),n-pentadecanoic acid (2),n-heptacosanol (3),dryocrassine ABBA (4),rabdosia acid A (5),β-sitosterol (6),dryopteroside A (7),1-O-phenyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8),protocatechuic acid ethyl ester (9),(Z)-11R,12S,13S-trihydroxy-9-octadecenoate (10),kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside (11),kaempferol 3-O-α-L-(3-O-acetyl) rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (12),kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (13),daucosterol (14),5-hydroxymethylfurfural (15),5,7-dihydroxychromone-7-O-neohesperidoside (16),isomaltol-α-D-glucopyranoside (17),furan-2,5-diyldimethanol (18),catechol (19),and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene (20).Among them,compounds 5,8-10,15-18,and 20 were isolated from the Dryopteridaceae family for the first time,and compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from this plant species for the first time.The determination section evaluates the anti-inflammatory activity of certain individual compounds by measuring their inhibition of LPS-induced prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) release in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells.The results showed that compounds 1,4,8,10,12,13 and 15-18 all inhibited the release of PGE₂.Compounds 1,4 and 13 exhibited good potential anti-inflammatory activity,while the other tested compounds showed moderate potential anti-inflammatory activity.