Medicinal and edible homologous plants contain several effective chemical components,such as polysaccharides,phenols, terpenoids,etc.,and are attracted much attention for their health and medical values.This paper summarizes the published studies on the genomes of medicinal and edible homologous plants,and reviews the synthesis and regulation pathways of phenols,terpenoids,polysaccharides,alkaloids,lipids and other effective chemical component through transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and conjoint analyses.In addition,the research progress in organelle genomics is also summarized.Candidate genes for the synthesis pathway of effective components in such plants could be functionally validated through model plant transformation systems.The integration of genomics and functional genomics will help to elucidate the synthesis pathway of effective components and their regulatory networks.The article aims to promote the multi-omics research progress of effective chemical components synthesis pathways and to provide a reference for the exploitation of the medicinal value in medicinal and edible homologous plants.