This study aims to investigate the active components of Salix songarica flowers and their therapeutic mechanisms in mitigating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).The composition of S.songarica flower was analyzed using UPLC-Q Exactive MS,leading to the identification of 36 chemical compounds,including flavonoids,polyphenols,acids,and other biologically active components.Among these,luteoloside,catechins,and luteolin were found to be particularly abundant in terms of biologically active content.The efficacy of S.songarica flower extract (SSE) in combating MASLD was evaluated using a free fatty acid (FFA)-induced fat accumulation model in HepG2 cells.SSE significantly reduced intracellular levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG),decreased lipid droplet formation,and improved liver injury markers,including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).Additionally,SSE markedly lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) levels,a marker of oxidative damage,while increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes,including superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT),and reduced glutathione (GSH).Mechanistic studies further reveal that SSE regulates hepatic lipid metabolism by upregulating the mRNA expression levels of farnesoid X receptor (FXR),bile salt export pump (BSEP),and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1).In conclusion,SSE demonstrates significant potential for the prevention and treatment of MASLD,possessing both antioxidant and lipid metabolism-modulating properties.These findings open new avenues for the development of strategies to prevent and treat MASLD,particularly within the fields of food science and nutraceuticals.