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Research progress on the application of extracts from Periplaneta americana in cosmetics SUN Xin-yu, CHEN Xin-yu, ZHANG Long, XIANG Shao-wei, XI Ya-nan, WANG Ling NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 151-157.   Abstract （76）      PDF（pc） （816KB）（432）       Knowledge map    Save The in-depth research on the biological activity of Periplaneta americana and its extract has garnered significant attention due to its potential effects on anti-aging,soothing,anti-sensitivity,and repairing damaged skin.This extract is rich in protein,amino acids,vitamins,and other nutrients,offering a variety of functions.Furthermore,it possesses antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antibacterial effects,which can enhance skin quality and alleviate skin issues caused by inflammation or infection.Additionally,it has the capacity to stimulate collagen synthesis and skin  regeneration, making it valuable in combating aging and repairing damaged skin.Moreover,it aids in soothing the skin,thereby reducing sensitivity and redness.This paper provides a brief summary of the current research status of the functional components,pharmacological effects,and efficacy of P. americana in cosmetics.It also discusses the mechanism of action of its extract or active ingredient in skincare,while also prospecting the application of P. americana extract in cosmetics.This offers a theoretical basis for its widespread application in cosmetic development and photomedical beauty,thereby promoting the healthy and rapid development of the P. americana industry. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical composition analysis of Fenghuang Xuecha based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS coupled with GNPS#br# WU Juan, GONG You-lan, TENG Jian-yu, WANG Ya-jing, FENG Min, ZHOU Si-qian, LONG Hong-ping NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (9): 1484-1498.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.9.004 Abstract （481）      PDF（pc） （2239KB）（415）       Knowledge map    Save Fenghuang Xuecha is a Chinese herbal used for medicinal and dietary purposes,which has great development value.Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) coupled with global natural products social molecular networking (GNPS) were used to analysis and identify the chemical components of Fenghuang Xuecha leaves rapidly.The mass spectrometry data were collected by positive and negative ion modes,the chemical components were identified through software analysising,database matching,reference materials comparing and so on,and created the molecular network based on the similarity of the MS/MS fragments.A total of Fifty eight components in Fenghuang Xuecha leaves,the main chemical constituents included 33 flavonoids,11 phenols,four  alkaloids,three triterpenoids and other compounds.Thirty-two compounds were identified for the first time in the genus,such as protocatechuic acid-4-glucoside,myricetin-3-rutinoside,asiatic acid and so on.Meanwhile,the mass fragmentation pattern of each category of compound and the nodes of the flavonoid network correlation analysis were further explored.In this study,LC-MS combined with GNPS could systematic analysis and quickly acquire the ingredients of Fenghuang Xuecha,which will provid reference for its clinical application,quality control and pharmacological material basis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development and application of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides:a review YIN Kai, SHI Yu-cun, HOU Xiao-ying, GAO Fan, WU Guo-tai NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 143-150.   Abstract （77）      PDF（pc） （737KB）（409）       Knowledge map    Save Angelica sinensis is a frequently used traditional Chinese medicine with traditional medicinal and food ingredients,and A. sinensis polysaccharide is one of its effective components,which has a wide range of pharmacological effects such as blood tonicity,anti-inflammation,and antioxidant.With the continuous development of extraction and purification of natural polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine and structural analysis technologies,the number of A. sinensis polysaccharides,their composition and chemical structure have been constantly improved,which reflects the characteristics of biodegrad ability,lower difficulty of structural modification,natural liver targeted and so on,and it has a brilliant prospect for drug carriers.In this paper,the new developments in the structural analysis,extraction and purification,and expanded application of A. sinensis polysaccharides are summarised to provide reference for the further development and utilisation of A. sinensis polysaccharides. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of Pimpinella candolleana (Ⅱ) WANG Yang, XUE Jing-yi, LEI Yan, PAN Jie, YANG Chang, LI Yong-jun, MA Xue NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (8): 1357-1367.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.8.009 Abstract （460）      PDF（pc） （1075KB）（408）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to explore the chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts from Pimpinella candolleana.The 70% ethanol extract from P. candolleana were isolated by different chromatographic procedures including silica gel,ODS gel,D101 macroporous resin and MCI resin column.The structures of the compounds were identified by comparing the spectral data with the literature.Their potential anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated on murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Twenty-five compounds were isolated and identified as 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,7-tetramethoxyxanthone(1),1-hydroxy-2,3,4,6-tetramethoxyxanthone(2), bellidifolin(3), desmethylbellidifolin(4), swertianolin(5), swertiajaponin(6),isoswertiajaponin(7),luteolin-7-O-β-D-rutinoside(8),luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-［6′′′-O-caffeoyl］-β-D-glucopyranoside(9),luteolin-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10),luteolin-6-C-β-L-fucoside(11),orientin(12),isoorientin(13),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(14),apigenin(15),quercetin-3-O-β-D-(6″-caffeoylgalactoside)(16), tricin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(17),puerarin(18),vitexin(19),ombuin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(20), ombuin-3-O-β-D-galacopyranoside(21), rhamnetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside(22),rhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(23),isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(24),chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(25).Compounds 13-15 were firstly isolated from this plant.Furthermore,compounds 1-12,16-25 were isolated from the genus Pimpinella for the first time.The results of bioassay showed that compounds 1-3,6-10,12-15,17-20,23,25 exhibited different degrees of inhibitory effect against NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and displayed potential anti-inflammatory activity. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus DONG Yuan-qiu, LEI Ting, ZHANG Jin-qiang NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 131-142.   Abstract （63）      PDF（pc） （1427KB）（401）       Knowledge map    Save Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus is the dried bulb of Fritillaria walujewii or F. pallidiflora,which is mainly produced in Xinjiang.It has the effect of clearing heat and moisturizing the lung,resolving phlegm and relieving cough.It is often used in the clinical treatment of lung heat dry cough,dry cough with less phlegm,Yin deficiency and cough with blood and other symptoms.There are a variety of active ingredients in the Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus,108 chemical compounds,including 36 alkaloids,16 steroidal saponins,5 steroidal glycoalkaloids,7 polysaccharides,4 coumarins,4 nucleosides,21 organic acids and esters,and 15 other compounds were identified.These ingredients has expectorant,and asthma,cough,anti-tumor,antioxidant,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,nerve protection and so on the many kinds of pharmacological activities.This article reviews the research status of chemical components and pharmacological effects of Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus,in order to provide reference for the understanding and research of chemical components and pharmacological effects of Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus,and provide basis for the in-depth development and utilization of medicinal materials. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Potential mechanism of prune juice concentrate in improving functional constipation based on network pharmacology and clinical trial LI Xuan, WANG Shan-shan, HUANG Jia-min, XUE Lai-zhou, ZHAO Yu-fei, ZOU Liao-nan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 122-130.   Abstract （236）      PDF（pc） （974KB）（400）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to investigate the potential mechanism of action of prune juice concentrate to improve functional constipation based on network pharmacology and clinical trials.Liquid chromatography-refractive index (LC-RI) was used to detect the major components of prune juice.Gene targets of the main components of prune juice were predicted from the DrugBank database,the SwissTarget prediction database and published literature.Targets related to functional constipation were collected from TargetNet database,UniProt database,and GeneCards database.Take the intersection of active ingredient targets and functional constipation targets to make a Venn diagram.Clinical trials were conducted to verify the efficacy of prune juice concentrate in improving functional constipation.Forty-one patients with functional constipation were collected from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Anorectal and Intestinal Surgery of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March to August 2023.The experiment was conducted using the before-and-after control method and the experimental period was 14 days.constipation severity instrument (CSI),patient assessment of constipation quality of life (PAC-QOL) were used as observation indicators.Experiment results showed that the main components of prune juice concentrate were sorbitol,malic acid,quinic acid,3-hydroxy-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid,fructose,etc.Screening yielded 155 active components of sorbitol,and 84 targets of sorbitol for the treatment of functional constipation.The results of the clinical trial showed that the experimental samples were 41 people,of which three people fell off,and the total effective rate of the experiment was 97.4% (35/38).PAC-QOL and constipation severity scores of the patients after consuming prune juice were significantly reduced compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.001).In terms of safety,no significant adverse effects were observed in patients before and after consumption.This study shows that prune juice concentrate can improve functional constipation through multi-components and multi-targets,and it can alleviate the accompanying symptoms of constipation in patients with good safety and improve the quality of life. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Isolation,purification and structural determination of oligosaccharides from Morinda officinalis How. HUANG Wen-wen, WU Shao-hui, WANG Yu-bo, LIU Shan-shan, ZHANG Mei, TIAN Rong-rong, WANG Wei NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 43-48.   Abstract （53）      PDF（pc） （458KB）（400）       Knowledge map    Save In order to better exploit and utilize oligosaccharides from Morinda officinalis How.,oligosaccharides from M. officinalis were isolated and purified from the herb powder of M. officinalis.The herb powder of  M. officinalis was first extracted by water bath reflux extraction to obtain the water extract part,and then separated by activated carbon column chromatography to obtain crude extract of oligosaccharide.Finally,eight oligosaccharides including kestose,kestostetraose,kestopentaose,kestohexaos,inulotriose,inulotetraose,inulopentaose and inulohexaose were obtained by twice preparation by gel purification system and once preparation by preparative liquid chromatography.The purity of the eight oligosaccharide monomers was tested by liquid chromatography,and their structures were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry,infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Protective effect and molecular dynamics simulation of licochalcone A on PC12 cells damaged by neurotoxin YAO Juan, LIU Yuan-yuan, ZHANG Min, LIU Xue-feng, JIN Xiao-jie NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2008-2015.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.002 Abstract （101）      PDF（pc） （1576KB）（399）       Knowledge map    Save This study investigated the protective effect of licochalcone A (LCA) on PC12 cells damaged by the neurotoxin 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA),elucidated its mechanism through molecular simulation.At first,the study determined the scavenging activity of LCA on ABTS and DPPH free radicals in vitro.Secondly,the experiment measured the content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in cell medium and employed the MTT assay to evaluate the protective efficacy of LCA against 6-OHDA-induced damage in PC12 cells. 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining was used to determine the effect of LCA on reactive oxygen species in PC12 cells injured by 6-OHDA.The contents of total glutathione (GSH),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in each group were detected to evaluate the endogenous antioxidant capacity.The effect of LCA on the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2（Nrf2） protein was analyzed by Western blot.Finally,molecular docking and simulation methods were utilized to study the binding site and ability of LCA on Keap1 protein,and calculate and analysis its absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion,toxicity (ADMET).The results indicated that LCA possesses significant free radical scavenging activity in vitro.Treatment with LCA markedly enhanced PC12 cell viability under 6-OHDA stress,diminished reactive oxygen species production,and elevated GSH,SOD,and T-AOC levels under these conditions.Furthermore,Western blot analysis revealed that LCA treatment increased the expression of Nrf2 protein.Molecular docking and dynamic simulations confirmed stable covalent bonding between LCA and Keap1 proteins,ADMET prediction suggesting that LCA could be a promising therapeutic agent.These observations suggest that LCA confers protection to PC12 cells damaged by 6-OHDA by modulating endogenous antioxidant responses within biological systems. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of Lifei tablets in treating chronic bronchitis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking XU Zhe-yu, ZHOU Jie, YU Hui-fan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 114-121.   Abstract （104）      PDF（pc） （1958KB）（399）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to explore the potential mechanism of Lifei tablets in the treatment of chronic bronchitis through network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. CMSP, OMIM and DisGent databases were used to find the active components and gene targets for chronic bronchitis.STRING and MetaScape platforms were used to construct the protein interaction (PPI) network and the active ingredient-common target-signal pathway network of Lifei Tablet for the treatment of chronic bronchitis.A total of 128 active ingredients,531 active ingredient related targets,174 disease related targets,and 33 intersection targets were obtained.There were ten core therapeutic targets.The intersection targets were analyzed,among which 2 548 biological processes,191 molecular functions and 97 cell compositions were obtained by GO enrichment analysis. In summary,Lifei tablets may regulate targets such as TNF,TP53,CXCL8,IL1B,IL6,IL4,IL1 and CD4,and participate in the synthesis and transport of cytoplasmic regulatory factors,thereby controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis to improve the condition of chronic bronchitis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical constituents from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in Jiuhua Mountain and their anti-inflammatory activity ZHANG Yu, XIA Cheng-han, WU Jiang-ping, WANG Guo-dong, HAN Jun NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (7): 1149-1157.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.7.006 Abstract （586）      PDF（pc） （707KB）（396）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to investigate the chemical constituents from the massive rhizomes of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in Jiuhua Mountain,together with their inflammatory activities.Sixteen compounds were isolated and purified from the 85% ethanol extract of the title plant by using systematic separation methods,including silica gel column chromatography,MCI column chromatography,Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography and semi-preparative liquid chromatography.Their structures were identified as polygodoside H (1),polygonatumoside G (2),25(S)-funkioside B (3),typaspidoside A (4),rutin (5),luteolin-7-O-rutinoside (6),kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucoside (7),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8),apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (9),lariciresinol glycoside (10),5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (11),4-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (12),3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (13),3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (14),4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (15),trans-p-coumaric acid methyl ester (16) by 1H NMR,13C NMR and HR-ESI-MS.All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time. Biologically,all compounds were subjected to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activities via inhibiting NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in vitro.The results indicated that compounds 1-3,5-8 showed a moderate inhibitory effect against NO production with IC50 values of 8.28-41.85 μmol/L and without cytotoxicity against the cells,showing a certain degree of anti-inflammatory activity. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the metabolites of the potato scab pathogen strain Streptomyces bobili K6 from Xinjiang  HE Wei, LIU Xiao-lu, LUO Wen-fang, ZHOU Jun-hui, HOU Xin-qiang, GUO Rui, XU Jian-jun, SONG Su-qin NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 37-42.   Abstract （86）      PDF（pc） （534KB）（386）       Knowledge map    Save The secondary metabolites of Streptomyces bobili K6,a pathogen of potato scab in Xinjiang,were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The fermentation broth of strain K6 yielded five monoterpene compounds,which were identified as p-methoxybenzoic acid (1),N-acetylhomocysteine thiolactone (2),1-(1H-indol-5-yl)ethanone (3),phenazine-1-carboxamide (4),and 4-deoxy-ε-pyrromycinone (5) through mass spectrometry and spectroscopy analysis. Notably,compound 3 was reported here for the first time as a natural product. Antibacterial assays revealed that compound 4 exhibited potent activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis,with a minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 12.5 μg/mL. Furthermore,compound 5 demonstrated antifungal activity against Candida albicans,with an MIC value of 25 μg/mL. In terms of antitumor effects,compound 5 displayed moderate inhibition on the proliferation of HCT-116 colon cancer cells and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells,resulting in inhibition rates of 88.63% and 80.96%,respectively. This study lays the foundation for further development of novel antibacterial agents and anticancer drugs derived from Streptomyces. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of Sappan Lignum in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy based on network pharmacology and molecular docking LIU Ying-zhe, LYU Rong, XIA Zhao-chen, WANG Yan, WANG He, LAN Dong-xue, LI Xi-wei, ZHANG Ying-qi, ZHOU Ya-bin NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 94-106.   Abstract （120）      PDF（pc） （2243KB）（386）       Knowledge map    Save In this study,network pharmacology,molecular docking and experimental verification were used to explore the mechanism of Sappan Lignum in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).The chemical professional database,ETCM database and literature were used to query the components of Sappan Lignum,the active components of Sappan Lignum were screened by SwissADME platform,and the potential targets were predicted by PharmMapper database.At the same time,the targets related to DPN disease were screened from GeneCards,DrugBank and OMIM databases,and the intersection targets were selected.The protein interaction relationship was obtained by STRING11.5,and the component-target protein interaction network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.8.2 software.Then GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was carried out through Metascape database,and molecular docking was carried out by Autodock combined with Pymol,At the same time,the anti-DPN inflammation and oxidation effects of Sappan Lignum extract were experimentally verified.Finally,a total of 93 active components of Sappan Lignum were screened out,and 109 key targets for treating DPN were identified.Among them,rhamnetin,brazilin,brazilein, sappanchalcone,butein, quercetin and other components have the effect of improving peripheral neuropathy,which may be through estrogen receptor alpha(ESR1),insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF1),Caspase 3(CASP3),peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma(PPARG),matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(Akt1),albumin(ALB),proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase src(SRC) and other targets mediate PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and HIF.Molecular docking verification showed that the active components had good docking activity with AKT1,CASP3 and MMP-9.It was found that Sappan Lignum extract could reduce the contents of serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),and increase the content of serum SOD.This study found that Sappan Lignum played an intervention role in the treatment of DPN through multi-components,multi-targets and multi-pathways,which provides a new direction for the basic and clinical research of Sappan Lignum in the treatment of DPN. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of different processing methods on the content of three active ingredient and total ash of Chrysanthemi Flos MA Ling-zhen, WU Xing-mei, LI Yue-xia, LU Tu-lin NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 59-66.   Abstract （45）      PDF（pc） （1081KB）（385）       Knowledge map    Save Three active components such as chlorogenic acid and total ash content were determined after different drying methods of Chrysanthemi Flos,and this was used as the basis for screening Chrysanthemi Flos treatment methods,in order to get the best processing method of Chrysanthemi Flos.Firstly,the same batch of fresh Chrysanthemi Flos were processed using five drying methods:sun drying,drying,traditional shade drying,steaming followed by drying,and steaming followed by sun drying.Then,high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the content of chlorogenic acid,luteoloside,and 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid in the Chrysanthemi Flos samples obtained from the five different drying methods,and the total ash content of Chrysanthemi Flos was determined according to the relevant provisions of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The results showed that under five different drying methods,the total ash content of Chrysanthemi Flos ranged from 5.26% to 6.85%.The content of chlorogenic acid is 2 385.15-3 783.96 μg/g.The content of luteoloside is 84.74-618.92 μg/g.The content of 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid is 3 359.78-5 438.49 μg/g.The total content of Chrysanthemi Flos obtained by drying method is the highest,followed by shade drying method,steaming and drying method,sun drying method,and steaming and drying method;The total ash content of Chrysanthemi Flos obtained by sun drying method is the highest,followed by shade drying method,steaming followed by sun drying method,drying method,and steaming followed by drying method. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the serum migration components of Stellera chamaejasme in rats with rheumatoid arthritis YU Shu-juan, Huyiligeqi, BAO Li-ming, Anqilimuge, BAI Mei-rong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 49-53.   Abstract （44）      PDF（pc） （884KB）（385）       Knowledge map    Save In this study,UPLC-MS technology was used to detect the serum migration components of Stellera chamaejasme in rats with rheumatoid arthritis,and preliminarily evaluate the material basis,so as to laid a foundation for the further development and utilization of S. chamaejasme.After the chemical components of blank samples,medicated serum samples and in vitro samples (S. chamaejasme) were detected by UPLC-MS technology,the endogenous components in serum were removed from the medicated serum compounds,and then compared with the compounds obtained from in vitro samples.It is speculated that 19 serum migration components were detected under the positive ion mode in the drug-containing serum after oral administration of S. chamaejasme in rats.Among them,six components including bufalin,gelsemine,harmine,5-fluorouracil,malonic acid,and crocetin were related to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Therefore,serum migration components of S. chamaejasme,including bufalin,gelsemine,harmine,5-fluorouracil,malonic acid,and crocetin may play a role in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification and antimicrobial activity of a strain of Paenibacillus elgii CHEN Li, HUANG Sheng, SU Guo-qi, YANG Fei-yun, HUANG Jin-xiu, QI Ren-li, LIU Zuo-hua NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (9): 1499-1511.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.9.005 Abstract （556）      PDF（pc） （1588KB）（385）       Knowledge map    Save This study was conducted to screen the microorganisms producing novel natural antimicrobial substances.The target strains were screened by co-culture method;the strains were identified by 16S rDNA,physiological and biochemical properties,and whole genome sequencing;and the stability of the antimicrobial substances,the prediction of secondary metabolites in the genome of the strains,and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were utilized to study the biological properties of the antimicrobial substances.The results showed that a strain named Paenibacillus elgii CL-1 was screened from the soil,which produced antimicrobial substances with broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and was resistant to catalase,pepsin,trypsin,proteinase K,and acid/base,and unstable at high temperatures.The antiSMASH analysis was used to find out that Paenibacillus elgii CL-1 contains 17 secondary metabolite gene clusters,including penisin and octapeptin C4. Further analysis revealed that the antimicrobial substances isolated and purified from the fermentation broth of CL-1 by high-performance liquid chromatography had a broad antimicrobial spectrum and good antimicrobial activity,with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of up to 1 μg/mL.Through mass spectrometry analysis,it was found that the Bacillus-like bacterium Paenibacillus elgii CL-1 was able to produce pelgipeptin B,which has a broad antimicrobial spectrum,good stability,and strong antimicrobial activity.The present study provides a chassis strain for the exploration of the natural antimicrobial drug pelgipeptin B and lays a foundation for its research and development as well as its application. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation and performance evaluation of rose dew mask FENG Jun-qiao, LI Qi, WEI Jie, NIU Yun-wei, ZHANG Wan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 73-82.   Abstract （73）      PDF（pc） （1637KB）（381）       Knowledge map    Save A mask with realistic natural characteristic aroma of roses,whitening,moisturizing and antioxidant effects was prepared using rose dew as raw material,and its preparation process and performance were investigated.The properties of the mask such as moisturizing,whitening and antioxidant were investigated by single-factor experiment,and the best formulation of the rose dew mask was determined by using orthogonal experiment.The results showed that the best formulation of the rose dew mask was glycerol 5.5%,aloe extract 0.6%,hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate 0.3%,glutathione 0.06%,resveratrol 0.1% and rose dew 2.1%.The scavenging rate of DPPH free radicals by rose dew mask was 93.98%;the inhibition rate of tyrosinase was 71.74%.The moisturizing rates of the mask were 81.95% and 81.82% after being left at relative humidity 43% and 81% for 8 h,and 72.59% and 75.27% after being left for 24 h,respectively.The correlation between six raw materials and five sensory indicators of 18 samples was analyzed using partial least squares regression.The results showed that rose dew mainly influenced odor indicators,glutathione mainly influenced color indicators,and glycerol mainly influenced skin sensation indicators. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Potential mechanism of kaempferol on the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway for the treatment of osteoporosis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking WANG Hui-xi, LUO Zheng-wei, ZHAO Can-bin, SUN Hong-zhang, CHEN Dong-feng, LI Xiao-yang, GUAN Dong-hui NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 107-113.   Abstract （90）      PDF（pc） （1820KB）（378）       Knowledge map    Save In this study,the therapeutic efficacy of kaempferol in the management of osteoporosis was scrutinized through the integration of network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques,with an initial foray into elucidating its underlying mechanism.Within the context of this paper,an extensive search for the two-dimensional structural formula of kaempferol was conducted,followed by a preliminary screening of potential compounds via data mining,which were subsequentially predicted as putative targets.Concurrently,protein-protein interaction networks were meticulously constructed through the exploitation of osteoporosis-related target data for predictive analysis.An in-depth examination of GO,DO,and KEGG pathways was performed.The pivotal protein nodes were identified,and the veracity of the target compound within the pharmacological agent was substantiated through molecular docking.Through comprehensive database mining and degree-based ranking,a total of 99 kaempferol targets and 5 937 osteoporosis targets were ascertained.Within the PPI network,the central nodes AKT1,GSK3B,PIK3CG,and PIK3R1 were observed to occupy prominence with elevated degree values.GO enrichment analysis revealed a preponderance of biological processes responsive to stimuli and phosphorylation events,inclusive of the regulation of phosphate metabolism,phosphorus metabolism regulation,and the phosphotransferase activity and nuclear receptor activity associated with the conveyance of phosphorous groups under molecular function.The DO analysis indicated that genes pertained to bone and joint disorders were significantly enriched within the 10th percentile,signifying notable proximity to the forefront.KEGG pathway analysis disclosed a substantial enrichment of targets within pathways associated with cancer and tumorigenesis,encompassing those pertinent to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Molecular docking results demonstrated that kaempferol could form multiple hydrogen bonds with AKT1, GSK3B, PIK3R1, and PIK3CG, and had strong binding energy. The above results indicated that kaempferol possessed the advantage of multi-target regulation, and might have exerted therapeutic effects on osteoporosis by regulating the expression of related genes and interventional proteins in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on effective components of Sanghuangporus sanghuang and its action mechanism against non-small cell lung cancer based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS and network pharmacology LIU Kun, WANG Chun, FU Xin-yao, KONG Ze-juan, WANG Hai-ying, ZHAO Qing-sheng5, CHENG Hua, WANG Jun-peng NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 83-93.   Abstract （64）      PDF（pc） （2145KB）（375）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the bioactive constituents of Sanghuangporus sanghuang body ethanolic extract (SSBEE) and its anti-non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) effect and underlying mechanism of action,this study first used UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS technology to detect the main active components of SSBEE.Secondly,Swiss ADME and Swiss Target Prediction databases were used to determine the potential active components and targets of SSBEE,and GeneCards database was used to screen disease genes and perform GO and KEGG enrichment analysis on core targets.A key network diagram was constructed.Meanwhile,molecular docking and molecular dynamics were used to evaluate the binding between the core components of SSBEE and potential targets.Finally,CCK-8 and Western blot assays were used to evaluate the anti-NSCLC activity and possible mechanism of action of SSBEE.A total of 54 compounds were identified from SSBEE,among which 19 active compounds mainly acted on 15 core targets such as PIK3CA and CTNNB1.KEGG enrichment analysis found that it may play an anti-NSCLC role through multiple pathways such as HIF-1 and PI3K-Akt.Molecular docking and molecular dynamics showed that ulocladol and genistein had good affinity for core targets such as PIK3CA protein.Functional verification experiments showed that SSBEE (160 μg/mL) had an inhibition rate of 81.26% on A549,which could inhibit the expression of target proteins PIK3CA and CTNNB1.This study clarified the main active components and potential mechanism of action of the ethanol extract of the fruiting body of S. sanghuang,providing a scientific theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of NSCLC with S. sanghuang. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Screening of xanthine oxidase inhibitor from the extracts of edible and medicinal traditional Chinese herbs XIE Chuan-qi, ZHANG Peng, HU Ju-wu, HUANG Jin-ping, YANG Fan, WU Lei NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 67-72.   Abstract （70）      PDF（pc） （1110KB）（367）       Knowledge map    Save In the study,the novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor was selected from edible and medicinal traditional Chinese herbs.104 kinds of traditional Chinese herbs were extracted with water and ethanol respectively in which the extraction rates were analyzed.Then in vitro xanthine oxidase activity test was used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of traditional Chinese herbal extracts on xanthine oxidase.The results showed that the extraction rates of most water extracts of traditional Chinese herbs was higher than the ethanol extracts,and most of the ethanol extracts of traditional Chinese herbs had better inhibitory activity on xanthine oxidase,compared with the water extracts.The inhibition rate of ethanol extracts of Alpiniae Officinari Rhizoma,Sophorae Flos,Perillae Fructus,Caryophylli Flos,Chrysanthemi Flos,Prunellae Spica,Sophorae Flos Immaturus,Moslae Herba and Pogostemonis Herba and water extract of Sophorae Flos Immaturus on xanthine oxidase activity were more than 60%.The IC50 values of Alpiniae Officinari Rhizoma,Perillae Fructus,Sophorae Flos,Sophorae Flos Immaturus and Caryophylli Flos for xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity were 8.181,23.04,36.16,38.34 and 52.03 μg/mL (the IC50 of positive control(allopurinol)is 1.034 μg/mL),respectively.These data indicated that although the yield of water extraction was higher,ethanol extraction had better inhibitory activity on xanthine oxidase,especially the inhibitory activity of Alpiniae Officinari Rhizoma ethanol extract on xanthine oxidase reached 1/8 level of allopurinol,which is expected to be further studied and developed as a new xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide and metformin on proliferation,brittleness and tumor-killing function of NK cells XU Zhe, LIU Zhi-cheng, DAI Xiao-yu, ZHAO Sha-sha, DAI Yi-chen, LI Dong NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 10-18.   Abstract （98）      PDF（pc） （2141KB）（352）       Knowledge map    Save The purpose of this study was to verify whether nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and metformin (MET) can promote the proliferation of natural killer cells (NK cells) and improve the anticidal function.The method used in this study was to add different concentrations of NMN or MET into the NK cell expansion system to analyze its effect on cell proliferation,and to detect its cell phenotype,apoptosis ratio,cell cycle,cell fragility and tumor killing ability by flow cytometry.The results of this study were that the final concentration of 0.5 ng/mL NMN,10 mg/mL MET or 0.5 ng/mL NMN+10 mg/mL MET was added to the NK cell expansion system through pre-experiment.On the 7th day,cell count showed that the number of cells in all experimental groups increased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.05),and there were no significant differences in CD3-CD56+CD16+ cells,apoptosis and cell cycle among all groups on the 7th day (P>0.05). On the 14th day,the total number of cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the total number of CD3-CD56+CD16+ cells in the MET group and the NMN+MET group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in apoptosis ratio and cell cycle between the two groups (P>0.05).The cell fragility test on the 14th day showed that the total number of surviving cells in NMN,MET and NMN+MET groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The tumor killing experiment on the 14th day showed that NMN and MET could significantly inhibit the growth of tumor cells (P<0.05).Research has found that NMN and MET can effectively promote the proliferation of NK cells,while reduce the brittleness of the cell membrane; NMN and MET can promote the proliferation, but do not cause the increase of apoptosis and the significant change of cell cycle,and show significantly increased tumor killing activity. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Screening of quality markers for the quality evaluation of Hunan Aurantii Fructus germplasm resources based on multicomponent quantitative analysis combined with network pharmacology YANG Li, TANG Qi, FAN Ming-hui, WANG Yan, ZHANG Rui-yin, ZHOU Tie, CHEN Peng, ZHENG Ya-jie NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2102-2115.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.011 Abstract （71）      PDF（pc） （2530KB）（208）       Knowledge map    Save The study aims to identify quality markers (Q-Markers) for the evaluation of Hunan Aurantii Fructus (HAF) germplasm resources based on the "spectrum-efficacy" correlation by the establishment of chromatographic quantitative analysis of multiple components,combining network pharmacology,molecular docking technology,and multivariate statistical analysis.High performance liquid chromatography and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography were used to perform content determination of germplasm resource samples from counties and cities in Hunan.Target collection and network pharmacology analysis were carried out on multi-components to construct a "component-target-pathway" network and predict candidate Q-Markers and core targets.Molecular docking technology was used to theoretically simulate the binding activity of ligands and receptors to identify key Q-Markers.Principal component loading factor analysis and cluster analysis were utilized to excavate Q-Markers that distinguish HAF germplasm resource samples.The results showed that the germplasm resource samples had the highest contents of naringin,neohesperidin,and D-limonene,with significant fluctuations in the content differences of each target compound. Seven candidate Q-Markers,including tangeretin,exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through seven core targets such as PIK3CD in the PI3K/AKT and RAS/MAPK pathways,demonstrating good molecular docking activity among them.Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that five Q-Markers,including limonin,could be used to differentiate germplasm resource samples.These markers were group-specific,while the differences between samples were unrelated to geography.This method can evaluate the quality of HAF germplasm resources and furnishing a valuable tool for variety selection and breeding initiatives. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Haemostatic effect and mechanism of militarine,a non-polysaccharide component from Bletilla striata LI Jing, ZHAO Fei-fei, LI Jing, LI Yong-jun, XU Guo-bo, WANG Yong-lin, LIAO Shang-gao NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2024-2030.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.004 Abstract （128）      PDF（pc） （1129KB）（205）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study was to assess the hemostatic effect of militarine,a non-polysaccharide component militarine from Bletilla striata,and to investigate its potential mechanism.The hemostatic effect of militarine was preliminarily evaluated by determining the bleeding time (BT) and clotting time (CT) of mice in physiological and pathological conditions using a tail-transection mouse model and a heparinized bleeding mouse model,respectively.Coagulation parameters,including prothrombin time (PT),thrombin time (TT),fibrinogen (FIB),and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were also assessed to evaluate its effect on the coagulation function of mice.In addition,the levels of P-selectin (CD62P),thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) were determined to explore its effects and mechanisms on the platelet system.The results showed that militarine reduced BT and CT values in a dose-dependent manner in normal and heparinized mice,displaying significant hemostatic and procoagulant effects.However,for coagulation function indices (PT,TT,APTT and FIB),militarine did not show a significant effect on normal and heparinized mice but significantly increased the level of CD62P,suggesting that it might exert its hemostatic effect by affecting the platelet system.Militarine significantly increased the levels of CD62P and TXB2 in the plasma of heparinized mice and decreased the production of 6-keto-PGF1α,suggesting that it may exert hemostatic effect by directly promoting platelet activation and enhancing the coagulation function of platelets to accelerate blood coagulation.These findings suggest that militarine may be an effective hemostatic agent. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of flavonoids in the different parts of Polygonum capitatum via LC-MS and GC-MS metabolomics technology PENG Qi-lun, YANG Jie, GUO Bu-fa, YE Mao, YI Wei NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2031-2041.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.005 Abstract （114）      PDF（pc） （1075KB）（205）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study is to explore the differential distribution of flavonoids in the different parts of Polygonum capitatum and dig its potential medicinal value.Therefore,LC-MS and GC-MS metabolomics technology was used in comparatively researching the flavonoids in the stems,flowers and leaves of P. capitatum.It was established that the number of flavonoids in the P. capitatum aboveground part was ranked in descending order as follows:flower>leaf>stem.Additionally, based on the screening criteria (fold change ≥2 or ≤0.5,P＜0.05) of differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs),we obtained 333,289 and 366 DEMs in three groups of PC sample comparison (stems and flowers,stems and leaves,leaves and flowers),respectively.Subsequently,the DEMs in different medicinal parts of P. capitatum were significantly enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway.In these DEMs,the relative concentration of these flavonoids (3′,4′,5′,5,7′-pentahydroxyflavone,epicatechin and epigallocatechin) in the flowers of P. capitatum was greater than that in the stems or leaves.Meanwhile,3′,4′,5′,5,7′-pentahydroxyflavone,epicatechin and epigallocatechin are important pharmacological active substance.The research comprehensively identified the flavonoids in the different medicinal parts of P. capitatum,and affirmed that the flavonoids were majorly distributed in the flower. These results provided the theoretical basis for deeply digging and utilizing the medicinal value of its flavonoids. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Correlation between traits and quality of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma based on the theory of "quality evaluation through morphological identification"  LIU Jia-yi, YIN Hai-bo, WANG Dan, DU Jun-nan, LIU Shi-hui, LUO Jia-yi, YE Qiu-ju, JIN Bing-qian NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2088-2101.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.010 Abstract （169）      PDF（pc） （1674KB）（204）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the trait indicators to evaluate the quality of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma,the correlation between Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma and the main active ingredients was explored.Vernier calipers,hardness testers,colorimeters,electronic tongues and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to determine Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma root length,apical diameter,middle diameter,terminal diameter,fibrous root number,hardness,surface section chromaticity value,bitterness value and the content of five iridoid terpenoids,and the correlation analysis,regression analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were carried out on the trait indexes and component contents.Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and cluster analysis.The results of SPSS 22.0 correlation showed that Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma root length,hardness,upper diameter,middle diameter,surface brightness L*1,color difference value E*ab1 and bitterness value were significantly correlated with the contents of loganic acid,swertiamarin and gentiopicroside in Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma,indicating that the longer the Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma root,the greater the hardness,the thicker the diameter of the upper and middle ends,the lighter the epidermis and the more bitter the taste,the higher the contents of loganic acid,swertiamarin and gentiopicroside.The 32 batches of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma were divided into three grades by K-means clustering method,and limited identification was achieved by OPLS-DA model,and there were significant differences in Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma content among the grades.The traits of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma (root length,hardness,tip diameter,middle diameter,surface brightness L*1,color difference value E*ab1,bitterness value) can be used as the basis for evaluating the quality of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma,and the traditional record of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma "thick roots,yellow or brownish-yellow,yellowish-white cross-section,and extremely bitter Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma" have been proven.Therefore,the quality of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma can be judged according to its characteristics,which provides a basis and theoretical basis for the establishment of objective and scientific evaluation of the quality of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of plants from Mallotus Lour. ZHANG Gao-rong1, 2, 3, CHEN Lan-yan1, 3, LI Jun1, 2, LAI Hong-fang1, 3 NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2159-2179.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.016 Abstract （144）      PDF（pc） （2752KB）（203）       Knowledge map    Save Mallotus Lour.,belonging to Euphorbia family,consists about 140 species in the world and mainly distributes in tropical and subtropical regions.The resources of plants from Mallotus Lour. are very rich in China,36 species of which can be found in southern and south-west China.The application of Mallotus species in traditional Chinese medicine has a long history.Phytochemical investigations have shown that the plants from Mallotus Lour. contain a variety of chemical components,mainly including terpenoids,steroids,flavonoids,coumarins,phenols,benzopyranes and other classes,which have antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,anticancer,antioxidant,hepatoprotective,anti-depression,anti-insect,nerve protection and other pharmacological activities.The new development of constituents and pharmacological activities of Mallotus Lour.in the past ten years were reviewed and summarized for providing a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of the resources of Mallotus Lour.. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Sesquiterpenoids from the fruits of Cinnamomum migao and their neuroprotective effects ZHOU Lang, CHEN Fa-ju, WANG Li, LIAO Xiu, PAN Xiong, YANG Juan, YANG Xiao-sheng, LI Qi-ji NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2064-2073.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.008 Abstract （256）      PDF（pc） （881KB）（202）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to investigate the sesquiterpenoids from the fruits of Cinnamomum migao and evaluate their neuroprotective effects.The ethanol extract from the fruits of C. migao was isolated and purified by silica gel and reversed phase column chromatography,semi-preparative HPLC.Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties,comprehensive spectral data combined with relevant literatures.Twenty-five sesquiterpenes were isolated from the fruits of C. migao,which were identified as camganoid B (1),4,10-diepi-guaiol (2),guaiol (3),bulnesol (4),magnodelavin C (5),(4S,5R,7S)-4,11-dihydroxy-guaia-1(2),9(10)-dien (6),(11S,4S,5S,7R)-4,13-dihydroxyguaia-10-ene (7),pancherione (8),lancilimbnoid D (9),lancilimbnoid E (10),alpinenone (11),litsemene B (12),stachytriol (13),α-eudesmol (14),β-eudesmol (15),6α-hydroxy-4(15)-eudesmen-1-one (16),ent-4(15)-eudesmen-1α,11-diol (17),7-epi-4-eudesmene-1β,11-diol (18),rosifoliol (19),6,8-cycloeudesm-4(15)-en-1-ol (20),1-oxo-5α,7αH-eudesma-3-en-14-al (21),carissone (22),anhuienosol (23),4-eudesmene-1β,11-diol (24),α-cyperone (25).Compounds 2-7,9-25 were isolated from C. migao for the first time.The results of neuroprotective effects showed that compounds 3,10,12,19 exhibited protective activity against N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells at 30 μmol/L.In conclusion,this finding enriched the chemical composition of C. migao,and provided a reference for the development and utilization of the plant resource in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Regulatory effects of sodium succinate on metabolism and intestinal flora in mice fed a high-fat diet SONG Biao-zhang, CAO Hong, ZHAO Li-tong, ZHANG Feng, YAN Ji-ai, MA Xue-ying, LI Dan, YANG Ju NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2016-2023.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.003 Abstract （213）      PDF（pc） （2365KB）（202）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to investigate the effects of different doses of sodium succinate on metabolic indicators and intestinal flora in mice on a high-fat diet.After inducing obesity in 32 six-week-old C57BL/6J mice with an eight-week high-fat diet,the mice were randomly divided into four groups:a high-fat diet group,and a low-dose,a medium-dose,and a high-dose sodium succinate group.Various methods were carried out to study the effects of sodium succinate on the metabolism and intestinal flora of mice fed a high-fat diet,including regular weight recording,metabolic cage experiments,serum lipid and proinflammatory cytokine level measurements,histological analysis,and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.The results indicate that sodium succinate could slow down the weight gain,decrease blood lipid and inflammation levels,reduce the expansion of epididymal adipose white tissue and the whitening of brown adipose tissue,and regulate the structure and composition of intestinal flora in HFD-fed mice.This study indicates that sodium succinate decreased the metabolic disorders and weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet by increasing energy expenditure through enhanced respiratory metabolism.It also increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia,Peptostreptococcaceae,and Allobaculum,while decreasing the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae,Ileibacterium,and Desulfovibrionaceae. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of the main chemical components in fresh and dried Pheretima aspergillum from Guangdong by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and HPLC HU Xiao-qin, MENG Dan, ZENG Xue-wen , LIAO Cheng-pu, ZHAO Wei, DING Xue-fei NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2051-2063.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.007 Abstract （230）      PDF（pc） （1425KB）（201）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to compare the chemical composition differences between fresh and dried Pheretima aspergillum produced in Guangdong and to establish quality evaluation standards by determining the contents of hypoxanthine,xanthine,and uracil.Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used to analyze the primary chemical components in both fresh and dried samples,while high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to quantify the levels of hypoxanthine,xanthine,and uracil.The results indicated that,based on comparisons with databases established from literature and laboratory work,56 compounds were identified in the dried samples,including 11 free amino acids,16 organic acids,9 nucleosides,9 dipeptides and cyclic dipeptides,and 11 nitrogen-containing and miscellaneous compounds.In the fresh samples,48 compounds were identified,including 11 free amino acids,17 organic acids,10 nucleosides,8 dipeptides and cyclic dipeptides,and 2 nitrogen-containing and miscellaneous compounds.The separation of hypoxanthine,xanthine,and uracil was achieved with satisfactory results,exhibiting good linearity within the calibration range (r=0.999 9).The average recovery rates ranging were between 98.36% and 99.82%,and the relative standard deviations were between 0.25% and 3.1%.The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique used in this study provided a rapid and efficient qualitative analysis method for identifying the chemical components in both fresh and dried Pheretima aspergillum samples.The HPLC method developed is simple,fast,and accurate for quantifying hypoxanthine,xanthine,and uracil.This research provides a scientific basis for studying the chemical composition and quality control of fresh and dried Pheretima aspergillum. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of Brassica rapa L. acidic polysaccharide on peroxidation injury and apoptosis in mice with lung injury TAOERDAHONG Hailiqian, WU Mei-mei, KUERBAN Kadierya, OUYANG Cheng-xuan, WANG Xin, XU Qian NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2116-2121.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.012 Abstract （84）      PDF（pc） （758KB）（201）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Brassica rapa L. acidic polysachharide-1 (BRAP-1) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in mice.LPS-induced lung injury mouse model was established for BRAP-1 intervention,and the levels of myeloperoxidase(MPO),malondialdehyde(MDA) and H2O2 in alveolar lavage fluid of mice were detected by biochemical reagents.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of protein kinase B(AKT),phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase(PI3K),extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK) phospho-protein kinase B(p-AKT) and B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein(BAX),apoptosis-related Cleaved Caspase-3,B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL-2) in lung tissue.The results showed that compared with the model group,BRAP-1 reduced the expression levels of MDA,MPO,H2O2 in alveolar lavage fluid and PI3K,AKT protein in lung tissue,as well as the expression levels of apoptosis factor BAX and apoptosis key factor Cleaved Caspase-3 protein,and enhanced the expression level of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 protein.In conclusion,BRAP-1 can play a protective role by scavenging free radicals in lung tissue of mice with lung injury,inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating apoptosis of lung tissue cells. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Differential flavonoid compounds in extracts of Sophorae Flos Immaturus by different extraction methods based on HPLC-HRMS combined with multivariate statistical analysis XIAO Yu-sheng, CHANG Yan-yan, ZHAO Meng-ya, TIAN Lu, LI Na, ZHAO Huan-xi, XIU Yang NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2042-2050.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.006 Abstract （91）      PDF（pc） （1758KB）（200）       Knowledge map    Save The differences in the composition and content of flavonoids in Sophorae Flos Immaturus extracted by heating reflux and ultrasonic-assisted extraction were investigated.The qualitative and quantitative analyses of four flavonoids,including rutin,nicotiflorin,narcissoside and quercetin,were established using high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS).The heating reflux and ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions were optimized based on the absolute contents of the four flavonoid compounds,and optimized extraction methods were developed.Principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis were employed to compare the composition differences between the extracts obtained by the two extraction methods.The results showed that the four flavonoid compounds had different optimal extraction conditions,their total contents in the heating reflux and ultrasonic-assisted extracts were 245.82 mg/g and 303.34 mg/g,respectively.Significant difference was observed between the extracts of the two extraction methods in 23 components,of which nine differential compounds,were identified.This study clarified the differences in flavonoid composition extracted from Sophorae Flos Immaturus by heating reflux and ultrasonic-assisted extraction methods,providing valuable references for the efficient extraction of flavonoid compounds in Sophorae Flos Immaturus. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Active ingredient and mechanism of Zhuanggu Zhentong capsule in the treatment of cancer-induced bone pain based on network pharmacology and experimental verification LAI Gui-hua, CAO Jian-xiong, ZHOU Jun, WANG Fei, NIE Duo-rui, WEN Ling1, MA Yi NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2145-2158.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.015 Abstract （115）      PDF（pc） （3649KB）（197）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to reveal the active ingredients and mechanism of action of Zhuanggu Zhentong capsule in the treatment of cancer-induced bone pain by using network pharmacology and experimental verification.Firstly,the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Platform (TCMSP) and the bioinformatics analysis tool for molecular mechanics of traditional Chinese medicine (BATMAN-TCM) were used to obtain the chemical composition and targets of the Zhuanggu Zhentong capsule.The GeneCards database was used to obtain the disease targets of cancer-induced bone pain.Then,the relationship between the potential active ingredients,core targets,and action pathways of Zhuanggu Zhentong capsule in treating cancer-induced bone pain were analyzed using Venn,Cytoscape,String,and DAVID databases.Perform molecular docking analysis using Auto Dock,and finally validate the experimental results by establishing a rat model of cancer-induced bone pain.The results of network pharmacology show that the active ingredients of Zhuanggu Zhentong capsule for treating cancer-induced bone pain may be quercetin,luteolin,and angelicin,and the key targets may be protein kinase B (AKT1),tumor protein 53 (TP53),epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR),which mainly enriched in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK),phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-AKT,nuclear factor kappa B receptor (NF-κB) and other pathways.The in vivo experimental results showed that Zhuanggu Zhentong capsule and their active ingredients can effectively improve the pain behavior and bone destruction of rats with cancer-induced bone pain,reduce the protein expression levels of PI3K,p-AKT1/AKT1,p-P38/P38,phosphorylation extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2)/ERK1/2,p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/JNK,p-P65/P65,and p-inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B α（p-IKBα）/IKBα (P<0.05).Therefore,Zhuanggu Zhentong capsule and their active ingredients quercetin,luteolin,and angelicin can effectively improve the pain of cancer-induced bone pain,and their mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of MAPK,PI3K-AKT,and NF-κB pathways. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of different starches on konjac glucomannan gel properties and preparation of composite gel QI Hui, YI Chun-lan, BAI Ju-hong, ZHU An-ni, SUN Yu-xia, HUANG Guo-bao, LIU Liang NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2074-2087.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.009 Abstract （86）      PDF（pc） （2318KB）（189）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effects of different starches and their additions on the properties of konjac glucomannan (KGM) gel,five kinds of starch (pea starch,sweet potato starch,corn starch,potato starch,and cassava starch were selected to prepare KGM/starch composite gels in this study.The changes of their properties were analyzed by texture meter,color difference meter,sensory evaluation and cold field scanning electron microscope.The formula of KGM/starch composite gels was optimized by orthogonal test and comprehensive score design.The results showed that these five kinds of starches could significantly improve the sensory properties,texture properties,strength and water-holding capacity(WHC)of KGM gel,but there were differences among different starches.By optimizing the formula,the optimal ratio of KGM/starch composite gel was determined to be 0.5% of corn starch,1.5% of pea starch,and 1.5% of potato starch which this condition water holding capacity,gel strength,texture characteristics and color of the KGM/starch composite gel prepared were on good form with the highest sensory score.The three-dimensional structure was more compact,the pore diameter was more uniform,and the structure was more stable of the optimized KGM/starch composite gel observed by scanning electron microscope.Therefore,the existing shortcomings of pure KGM gel to a certain extent can be improved by adding appropriate amount of starch to prepare compound konjac glucomannan gel,which can provide a reference for its application in konjac gel food. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of rubbing strip processing on the immunomodulatory effect of Hedysari Radix on RAW 264.7 cells LIU Shan-ru, LI Xin-rong, LIU Shu-bin, LI Cheng-yi NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 19-25.   Abstract （99）      PDF（pc） （1388KB）（185）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to study the immunomodulatory effect of Hedysari Radix water extract freeze-dried powder on mouse monocyte macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) before and after "rubbing strips" and its possible mechanism of action.Using CCK8 method to detect the effect of different concentrations of Hedysari Radix on the proliferation ability of RAW 264.7 cells.Using neutral red phagocytosis,Griess assay and ELISA method to detection the the phagocytic capacity,NO and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-1β (IL-1β).The secretion of interleukin-6(L-6).Determination of phosphorylation expression of major nuclear factor pathway proteins p65 and MAPKs pathway proteins p38 and JNK in macrophages by Western-blot.The results indicate that mass concentration of Hedysari Radix water extract freeze-dried powder was between 3.125-800 μg/mL,it has a positive promoting effect on macrophage proliferation,and at 200 μg/mL has a significant impact on the value-added rate (P<0.01).In addition,Hedysari Radix is found in the range of 50-200 μg/mL,it can significantly enhance the phagocytic activity,NO release,and the secretion of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 was dose-dependent (P<0.05),and the effect of rubbing Hedysari Radix was better than that of unrubbing Hedysari Radix.Western blot results showed that compared with the blank group,Hedysari Radix could increase the phosphorylation levels of p38,JNK,and p65 proteins in RAW 264.7 cells,suggesting that Hedysari Radix may activate NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways play an immunomodulatory role.From this,it can be concluded that the processing of rubbing from the place of origin may enhance its immune regulatory effect.The research results obtained from the experiment can provide scientific theoretical support for the identification of the quality of initial processing in the origin of Hedysari Radix. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Establishment and evaluation of a mouse model of chronic interstitial kidney injury induced by high adenine diet LI Li, WEI Li-xin, ZHANG Ming, LI Tian-cai NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 26-36.   Abstract （65）      PDF（pc） （3299KB）（183）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study was to establish a mouse model of chronic interstitial kidney injury induced by a high adenine diet.Twenty-four week-old C57BL/6J male mice were given adenine by gavage and adenine-containing diet.The experiment period was eight weeks,including induction period,transformation and development period and intervention period.The evaluation indexes of the model included general physiological indexes,renal function parameters,histopathological changes and fibrosis-related factors.In terms of general physiological indexes,the body weight,body temperature,food intake and activity of the model group decreased,while the water and urine volume increased.In terms of renal function indexes,the contents of serum creatinine,urea nitrogen and uric acid increased,urine creatinine and urine protein/creatinine ratio increased,and osmotic pressure decreased in the model group.In terms of histopathology,pathological changes such as renal tubule dilation and extensive mild fibrosis were observed in the model group,and the MASSON-positive area ratio increased.In terms of fibrosis-related factors,the expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in the kidney of mice in the model group increased,and the content of hydrogen sulfide decreased.The mouse model of chronic interstitial kidney injury established in this study is consistent with the disease characteristics of chronic interstitial kidney injury,and is suitable for the study of pathological mechanism and therapeutic drug evaluation of chronic interstitial kidney injury. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Phenolic acid from Indocalamus victorialis Keng f.and its antioxidant activity in vitro XU Zi-jing, XUE Zhan, YANG Xue-qing, TAO Wen-liang NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 54-58.   Abstract （79）      PDF（pc） （577KB）（182）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to investigate the phenolic acid from Indocalamus victorialis Keng f.and its antioxidant activity in vitro.The leaves from I. victorialis were extracted by microwave with 50% ethanol and the extraction was extracted with petroleum ether and n-butanol in order.Ten phenolic acids were isolated from n-butanol extraction by repeated separation and purification with silica gel column chromatography,Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC,their structures were identified as myrosinic acid (1),ferulic acid (2),p-coumaric acid (3),syringic acid (4),caffeic acid (5),vanillic acid (6),chlorogenic acid (7),p-hydroxybenzoic acid (8),gentaric acid (9) and protocatechuic acid (10).The mixture of natural phenolic acids from I. victorialis leaves was obtained by semi-preparation from n-butanol extract,and then mixed into a series of solutions with the same concentration of VC to carry out in vitro antioxidant control experiments.The scavenging rate of VC was similar to that of the positive control at 5.0 mg/mL,the scavenging rate was 79.01% and 70% respectively,indicating that the phenolic compounds in I. victorialis leaves had strong antioxidant activity. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Compounds from ethyl acetate extract of Alpinia oxyphylla and their protective effect on oxidative damage in PC12 cells DUAN Li-hong, WANG Chun-bao, LIU Quan-quan, LI Li-min, WU Zheng-zhi NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 1-9.   Abstract （125）      PDF（pc） （1891KB）（182）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to investigate the constituents from ethyl acetate extract of Alpinia oxyphylla and their protective effect on oxidative damage in PC12 cells.In this study,compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of A. oxyphylla were separated and purified using silica gel column chromatography.Modern spectroscopic methods were employed for the structural identification.An oxidative damage model of PC12 cells was established using H2O2,and effect of compounds on cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay.A total of six compounds were identified from the ethyl acetate extract of A. oxyphylla,including tectochrysin (1),kaempferol (2),protocatechuic acid (3),chrysin (4),vanillic acid (5),nootkatone (6).The CCK-8 experiments showed that compounds 1-4 had no significant protective effect on PC12 cells. Compound 5 had a certain protective effect on PC12 cells at a final concentration of 75 μg/mL,and the cell survival rate of PC12 cells reached 56.1%.The survival rate of PC12 cells treated by compound 6 could reach 97.2% at a final concentration of 20 μg/mL.These results indicated that compounds 5 and 6 had a certain neuroprotective effect on PC12 cells damaged by H2O2 and compound 6 had a more significant neuroprotective effect. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Compatibility relationship of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride-Aurantii Fructus drug pair in the treatment of dyskinetic gastrointestinal diseases based on network pharmacology and animal experiments NING Xin-yu, LUO Wen-wen, LI Ji-wang, CHEN Dong-liang, CHOU Zhao-song, LIN Zhi-ling, LIU Xian-fu NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2133-2144.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.014 Abstract （126）      PDF（pc） （3118KB）（180）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to explore the compatibility relationships of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride-Aurantii Fructus drug pair(CV-AF) in the treatment of dyskinetic gastrointestinal diseases (GD) based on network pharmacology and animal experiments.The intersection targets between CV-AF and GD were used for the chart construction and enrichment analysis of protein-protein interactions;and the key targets of the top 5 betweenness centrality values in the “target-component-pathway” chart were selected for molecular docking with their corresponding components;the body weight,gastric residual rates,and serum motilin concentrations of mice were used as indicators to observe the differences between CV-AF (1∶1,1∶2,2∶1) and their corresponding single drug for the treatment of gastrointestinal dyskinesia in mice induced by L-arginine solution.The results of network pharmacology showed that the core targets of CV-AF for the treatment of GD were CYP2C9,EGFR,and HSD11B1;the core components were  β-sitosterol, sinensetin,naringenin,neohesperidin_qt,hesperetin,marmin,thymol,nobiletin,and 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) chroman-4-one;the core targets were well combined with the core components.The results of animal experiments indicated that both individual and combined use of CV-AF ameliorated gastrointestinal dyskinesia of mice;the efficacy of CV-AF groups was better than their corresponding single drug groups,with the CV-AF 1∶2 group being better than the CV-AF 1∶1 group and the CV-AF 2∶1 group.This study reveals the optimal pairing ratio and action mechanism for the treatment of dyskinetic GD by CV-AF preliminary,which can provide a reference basis for further research on the treatment of GD by CV-AF. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of sea cucumber peptide combined with plateau medicinal and edible raw materials on exercise-induced fatigue injury in male mice XU Li-ping, SUN Xu-ding, FENG Feng-qin, ZHENG Ya-feng, ZHENG Bao-dong, LUO Xian-liang NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2122-2132.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.013 Abstract （142）      PDF（pc） （3145KB）（171）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the combination of sea cucumber peptide and plateau medicinal and edible raw materials (yak whip,deer blood,maca) on the reproductive health of male mice with exercise fatigue.The male model of exercise fatigue was established by acute exhaustion swimming,and the mice were randomly divided into blank group,model group,control group (0.5 mg/g BW commercially available Renshen Duzhong tablets) and two-dose composition group (0.25 and 0.5 mg/g BW formula),which were administered continuously for six weeks.The organ coefficient,mating ability,fatigue resistance index,tissue section,serum hormone level,sperm morphology and malformation rate of mice were measured.Both dosage formula improved the decreased mating ability caused by exhaustive exercise,and the low-dose group has better effects.Also,the swimming time of mice was prolonged by formula treatment,while the level of lactic acid in serum and malondialdehyde in liver were reduced.Low and high-dose formula could effectively improve insufficient serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels caused by exhaustive exercise,and reduce sperm deformity rates (P <0.05).In addition,testosterone,lactic acid and malondialdehyde levels were significantly correlated with the mating behavior of mice.In the exercise-induced fatigue mouse model,the combination of sea cucumber peptide and plateau medicinal and edible raw materials can improve the fatigue symptom and hormone secretion imbalance of mice,as well as reduce oxidative damage to the reproductive system. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Structural composition and immunological activity of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo flowers WANG Xin-ting, WANG Ke, ZHANG Zhi-yuan, LIU Xin-lan, XIANG Ze-min, YUAN Wen-juan NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 1999-2007.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.001 Abstract （452）      PDF（pc） （1502KB）（167）       Knowledge map    Save The polysaccharide constituents were extracted and purified from the flowers of Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo.Subsequently,their structural characteristics were analyzed,and their immunomodulatory effects were examined at the cellular level.This study aims to furnish a theoretical foundation and methodological reference for the industrial production and application of polysaccharides derived from the flowers of D. officinale.This paper described the extraction of crude polysaccharide from D. officinale dried flowers using aqueous alcohol precipitation.The polysaccharide was then purified using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography.Its structural composition was analyzed through high-performance gel permeation chromatography,PMP pre-column derivatization,Fourier infrared spectroscopy,and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy.Additionally,the immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from D. officinale dried flowers was evaluated.The isolated and purified polysaccharide from D. officinale dried flowers,with a yield of 0.578%,primarily consisted of mannose,glucose,and small amounts of galactose,xylose,and arabinose in a ratio of 74.388∶22.676∶2.171∶0.173∶0.592,and had an average molecular weight of 2 216 Da.At concentrations of 50-200 μg/mL,polysaccharide from D. officinale dried flowers significantly boosted macrophage proliferation,NO release,and ROS production.Research showed that D. officinale flowers were rich in polysaccharides and had strong immunomodulatory activity,the function was potentially exerted through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Screening and optimization of essential oil extraction process model of Citrus × aurantium Changshan-huyou pericarp and its chemical constituents and antioxidant activity JIANG Li-jie, WEN Le-le, SHI Jia-yi, DENG Ya-hui, LIU Ju-zhao, YUAN Qiang, CUI Qi NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (7): 1101-1111.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.7.001 Abstract （355）      PDF（pc） （1508KB）（42）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to study the chemical constituent of essential oil from Citrus × aurantium Changshan-huyou pericarp (CP) and optimize the extraction conditions.The essential oil constituents in CP were extracted by steam distillation,and GC-MS was applied to qualitatively analyze the chemical constituents of essential oil in CP.The single-factor test was used to investigate the effect of different extraction conditions on the extraction yield of essential oil.Response surface methodology optimization and artificial neural network were used to screen the optimal extraction process of essential oil.The results showed that the main constituents in CP essential oil was D-limonene.The optimal technological parameters were as follows:particle size of 24 mesh,distilled water soaking for 1 h,liquid-solid ratio 34.86 mL/g,extraction temperature 300.00 ℃,extraction time 166.21 min,under these conditions,the extraction yield of the essential oil was 0.82%.The combination of response surface methodology and artificial neural network can effectively optimize the target by using the existing data.Meanwhile,CP essential oil possessed significant scavenging ability on DPPH free radical (IC50 value = 65.01 mg/mL),indicating that CP essential oil had a certain degree of antioxidant activity. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）