This study aims to investigate the constituents from ethyl acetate extract of Alpinia oxyphylla and their protective effect on oxidative damage in PC12 cells.In this study,compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of A. oxyphylla were separated and purified using silica gel column chromatography.Modern spectroscopic methods were employed for the structural identification.An oxidative damage model of PC12 cells was established using H₂O₂,and effect of compounds on cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay.A total of six compounds were identified from the ethyl acetate extract of A. oxyphylla,including tectochrysin (1),kaempferol (2),protocatechuic acid (3),chrysin (4),vanillic acid (5),nootkatone (6).The CCK-8 experiments showed that compounds 1-4 had no significant protective effect on PC12 cells. Compound 5 had a certain protective effect on PC12 cells at a final concentration of 75 μg/mL,and the cell survival rate of PC12 cells reached 56.1%.The survival rate of PC12 cells treated by compound 6 could reach 97.2% at a final concentration of 20 μg/mL.These results indicated that compounds 5 and 6 had a certain neuroprotective effect on PC12 cells damaged by H₂O₂ and compound 6 had a more significant neuroprotective effect.