To rapidly analyze and identify the chemical constituents of Hibiscus mutabilis flowers,the method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbirap HRMS) was selected.A Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈ (2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm) column was used in the study with the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A)- acetonitrile (B) for gradient elution (0-4 min,95%→90%A;4-10 min,90%→55%A;10-18 min,55%→5%A;18-20 min,5%A),the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min and the column temperature was 25 ℃.HRMS was equipped with electrospray ionization (ESI) and scanned in positive and negative ion modes by means of full scan/data dependent secondary scan (Full MS/dd-MS2).Through high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis,literature information and reference identification,54 chemical constituents were identified in Hibiscus mutabilis flowers,including 24 flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides,14 organic acids,four coumarins,two amino acids,two nucleosides,two alkaloids and five others.The method of UPLC-Q-Orbirap HRMS can be rapidly and efficiently to analyze and identify the chemical constituents of Hibiscus mutabilisflowers.Thirty-three chemical constituents were reported for the first time in this herb,and 11 chemical constituents were found in Hibiscus for the first time,this study will provide a certain guiding guidance for the material basis research of Hibiscus mutabilis flowers.