天然产物研究与开发 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 648-661.doi: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2026.3.021 cstr: 32307.14.1001-6880.2026.3.021

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

延胡索生物碱类化学成分及其提取分离、分析检测与药理活性研究进展

靳  峰1,唐志书1,2*,宋忠兴1,焦红红1*   

  1. 1陕西中医药大学 陕西中药资源产业化省部共建协同创新中心 秦药特色资源研究与开发国家重点实验室(培育),咸阳 712083;2北京中医药大学,北京 100029
  • 出版日期:2026-03-27 发布日期:2026-03-26
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-21);咸阳市重点研发计划(L2024-ZDYF-ZDYF-SF-0041)

Research progress on alkaloid chemical constituents of Corydalis yanhusuo and their extraction and separation,analysis and detection,and pharmacological activities 

JIN Feng1,TANG Zhi-shu1,2*,SONG Zhong-xing1,JIAO Hong-hong1*   

  1. 1Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry,State Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Characteristic Resources of Qin Medicine (Cultivation),Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang 712083,China;2Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China
  • Online:2026-03-27 Published:2026-03-26

摘要:

延胡索Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang为罂粟科紫堇属植物,以干燥块茎入药,具有活血,行气,止痛之功效。延胡索的主要活性成分是生物碱类化合物,目前已准确鉴定出110余个生物碱成分。利用超临界萃取等绿色高效的提取方法,超滤法与分子印迹技术联用等分离纯化方法,结合色谱-核磁共振等先进分析技术,可有效提升该类活性成分(尤其是微量及结构相似组分)的提取效率与检测灵敏度。现代药理研究表明,延胡索生物碱类成分延胡索乙素、小檗碱等具有镇痛、安定、抗心律失常、抗心肌缺血、抗炎、抗菌、抗肿瘤等作用。本文综述了延胡索生物碱类成分的化学结构、提取、分离、定性定量分析方法及其药理活性,旨在为延胡索生物碱类成分的深入开发与应用提供全面的参考。

关键词: 延胡索, 生物碱, 化学结构, 提取分离, 分析方法, 药理活性

Abstract:

Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang, a plant from the Papaveraceae family, is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. The dried tubers of C. yanhusuo have been widely used to enhance blood circulation and relieve pain. Alkaloids are the primary bioactive constituents of C. yanhusuo, with over 110 alkaloid compounds structurally identified. Supercritical fluid extraction, ultrafiltration, and molecular imprinting separation and purification techniques, combined with chromatographic-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, can significantly improve the extraction efficiency and detection sensitivity of these active compounds, particularly those present in lower concentrations or with similar structures. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that alkaloids such as tetrahydropalmatine and berberine exhibit diverse biological activities, including analgesic, sedative, antiarrhythmic, anti-myocardial ischemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antitumor properties. This review systematically discusses the chemical structures, extraction and purification strategies, analytical methodologies, and pharmacological activities of alkaloids from C. yanhusuo, providing scientific foundation for the pharmaceutical development and potential applications of C. yanhusuo.

Key words: Corydalis yanhusuo, alkaloids, chemical structure, extraction and separation, methods of analysis, pharmacological activity

中图分类号:  R284 R285.5