Supercritical fluid extraction technology offers numerous advantages,including wide adaptability,a simple separation process,low extraction temperature,and high efficiency.Plant essential oil,a natural active substance,primarily consists of terpenes and aromatic compounds,exhibits antibacterial and antioxidant activities.However,traditional extraction methods often destroy the effective components of essential oils due to their thermal sensitivity and chemical stability.Supercritical fluid extraction technology can stabilize these components and improve the extraction rate.This paper focuses on the composition,content,and extraction rate of essential oils,reviews and analyzes the two major methods of essential oil extraction:distillation and extraction.The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed.The detailed application of supercritical fluid extraction technology in plant essential oils is described,along with proposed solutions to existing problems.Furthermore,the development prospects of this technology are envisioned,aiming to provide theoretical references and guidance for the study of extraction and separation of plant essential oils.