Abstract: The objective of this study was to optimize the ultrasonic/microwave synergistic extraction technology of pine pollen yellow pigment and to investigate the stability of the extracted pigment.Northeast wild pine pollen was taken as the raw material,the ultrasonic/microwave synergistic extraction parameters were optimized.In addition,the effects of temperature,pH value,light,food additives and 6 metal ions on the stability of yellow pigment were compared.The results showed that the optimal conditions of ultrasonic/microwave synergistic extraction were:microwave power of 351.4 W,liquid to solid ratio of 25.4 mL/g,extraction time of 11.9 min.The pine pollen yellow pigment was more stable under acidic conditions,its color was enhanced under alkaline environment.It had good tolerance to light and heating,and K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Al³⁺ ions had small effects on it,but Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ had certain influences on it.Little effects of salt,glucose,sucrose,sodium benzoate were detected,the color of pigment was enhanced by sodium carbonate and sodium benzoate,while vitamin C and citric acid had slightly hypochromic effect.This study provided a reference for the extraction and processing of pine pollen yellow pigment.The results of this study can be used as a basis for the development of pine pollen yellow pigment products for its industrial application.

Key words: pine pollen, yellow pigment powder, ultrasonic/microwave synergistic extraction, stability