The cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes(cGAS-STING)signaling pathway is a novel immune response signaling pathway that regulates various biological behaviors of tumor development. During tumor development, this signaling pathway is activated by abnormal DNA, further coupling with STING protein to release type I interferon and exert its powerful immune effect. Research has found that the activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway not only has anti-tumor effects, but also has a certain pro tumor effect. Based on the dual effects of this signaling pathway on tumors, more and more researchers have found that traditional Chinese medicine monomers can inhibit tumor progression at different stages of tumor development by intervening in the pathway, demonstrating the unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in tumor treatment. Therefore, this article systematically elaborates on the mechanism of action of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway on tumors, and comprehensively analyzes and explores the treatment of tumors based on the cGAS-STING signaling pathway by active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine monomers in the past decade, in order to further study the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients in the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, and provide ideas for clinical research of new drugs.