As widely used Chinese medicinal material,G. uralensis had complex endogenous microenvironment,which contained rich microbial resources.It was a treasure of antibacterial natural products that had not been fully explored,which was a potential resource for new structures and mechanisms of antibiotics.This article focuses on the diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from G. uralensis in Inner Mongolia,Gansu and Ningxia.After being dereplicated by morphological characteristics,134 fungi were identified by ITS-rDNA sequencing.We confirmed that these isolates belong to 16 different genera,which showed great fungal diversity,and Penicillium and Aspergillus were the dominant endophytic fungi in G. uralensis. Using classic fermentation condition,the crude extracts were screened for antibacterial activity by the paper diffusion method,and 35 strains of fungal secondary metabolites had broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.Comparing the results of HPLC-UV fingerprint analysis,many secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi had series of natural products with analogous ultraviolet absorption.Studies had demonstrated that endophytic fungi from the G. uralensis had rich diversity and superior antibacterial activity,which showed the potential for novel antibacterial natural products.