Based on the entropy-comprehensive scoring method, the changes of pharmacodynamic components of fresh-cut Angelicae Sinensis Radix from Yunnan (YASR) under four drying conditions (sun drying, 40, 50, 60 ℃ hot air drying ) were studied, and the correlation between microbial community composition and pharmacodynamic components was analyzed. The electronic nose was used to quantify the odor of YASR and principal component analysis was performed. The contents of volatile oil, ferulic acid, ligustilide, polysaccharide, total phenols and total flavonoids were determined. The free radical scavenging ability was evaluated by the DPPH method and the ABTS method. The 16S and ITS microbial high-throughput sequencing was used to reveal the changes in microbial community composition during the fresh-cut drying process, and the correlation analysis of “microorganism-component” was carried out. The results showed that the comprehensive score of sun-dried samples was the best, followed by hot air drying at 40 °C. Their traits (warping rate, odor), pharmacodynamic components (volatile oil, ferulic acid, ligustilide, polysaccharide, total phenols, total flavonoids) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging activity) were the best. 16S and ITS microbial sequencing showed that drying conditions significantly affected the composition of microbial community, and the change of fungal community was dominant. Among them, Aspergillus, Serratia, Apiotrichum and Naganishia were closely related to the change of component content. In summary, it is recommended to use 40 ℃ hot air drying in large-scale production to balance the drying efficiency and the quality of YASR. This study also provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the drying process of YASR and the mechanism of “microorganism-component” interaction during the drying process.