To establish a method for simultaneous analysis on five index components determination and characteristic chromatogram of fresh Houttuynia cordata by ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC).The UPLC method was carried out by gradient elution with aqueous phosphoric acid (0.1%).The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min.The detection wavelength was at 254 nm and 326 nm.The contents of neochlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,hyperoside and quercetin of 16 batches of fresh H. cordata from different origins and the characteristics chromatogram were analyzed.The common peaks were identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS).The methods for characteristic chromatogram analysis and compound determination were in agreement with methodological requirements.There are differences at different degrees in the contents of five indicative compounds;The common characteristic chromatogram of fresh H. cordata were completed with seven recognizable peaks and five of them determined;The similarity between the 16 batches of fresh H. cordata and the control characteristic chromatography was between 0.890 and 0.999.Both cluster analysis and principal component analysis can classify 16 batches of fresh H. cordata in three categories,and the quality of different categories is different.The results of main component comprehensive scores indicate that the quality of fresh H. cordata planted in Zhejiang Jinhua is the best,followed by Pengzhou,Guanghan,Mianyang and other places.The established UPLC characteristic chromatogram and simultaneous analysis on five index components determination methods can be used for the comprehensive quality evaluation of fresh H. cordata.